Straw mulch was evaluated on a furrow-irrigated sugar beet field to determine potential benefits In Increased yield, better soil moisture status, and reduced soil erosion.
This report includes information concerning experimental use of unregistered pesticides or unregistered uses of pesticides. Experimental results should not be interpreted as recommendations for use. Use of unregistered materials or use of any registered pesticides inconsistent with its label is against both Federal Law and State Law.
This paper presents the initial results from an empirical study of mechanical design engineers. In this study, six engineers were video-taped solving real mechanical design problems. Preliminary analysis of this protocol data has yielded several important findings, including (a) mechanical designers progress from systematic to opportunistic behavior as the design...
Recent advances in diagnostic expert systems have been limited by the crucial Knowledge Acquisition Problem: to bring expert heuristics into logical, conditional rule forms useful for computer aided diagnosis. Some automatic systems with potential biomedical relevance that do acquire knowledge are reviewed here, and analyzed from the standpoint of possible...
This paper presents the results of a controlled experiment comparing debugging abilities of novice, intermediate and skilled student programmers. Debugging performance differences were studied using two single-page Pascal programs: a binary search program and a median calculation program. Two types of semantic errors, array bounds and undefined variable, and two...
X2 is an object-oriented programming language. Object-oriented programming models everything in the world as objects that have some local state that may vary with time. If the state of an object varies with time the object is mutable. If the state is time independent the object is immutable. Each object's...
FORTRAN permits both explicit and implicit options for both data declaration and type conversion features. This study investigated the effects of explicit and implicit data declaration and type conversion features on a program comprehension task performed by FORTRAN programmers in an introductory programming course. The results indicated that both factors...
In this short paper, we present an implementation method for a distributed commit/ termination protocol for a distributed database system. The protocol, which handles both commit and termination processing of distributed transactions, is represented by communicating Moore machines. Several advantages of our approach are discussed.
This technical report reprints two articles that appeared in Proceedings of the Third International Machine Learning Workshop at Skytop, Pennsylvania, June 24-26, 1985. The first paper, The EG Project: Recent Progress, summarizes work on the EG project, which is investigating the role of active experimentation in aiding machine learning programs....
It is difficult to build intelligent computer-aided design (ICAD) programs using available expert system shells and AI programming languages. To build ICAD programs, tools are needed that support (a) generative search of design spaces, (b) deep search of design spaces to evaluate alternative designs, (c) simultaneous exploration of alternative designs...
When Newell introduced the concept of the knowledge level as a useful level of description for computer systems, he focused on the representation of knowledge. This paper applies the knowledge level notion to the problem of knowledge acquisition. Two interesting issues arise. First, some existing machine learning programs appear to...
This report reviews the 31 papers on machine learning that were presented at the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-85) held in Los Angeles during August, 1985. The papers are grouped according to a taxonomy of the various subareas of machine learning research. The areas receiving the most...
Test incorporations are program transformations that improve the performance of generate-and-test procedures by moving information out of the "test" and into the "generator." The test information is said to be "incorporated" into the generator so that items produced by the generator are guaranteed to satisfy the incorporated test. This article...
The ALGEBRA READER models how an expert might read an algebra word problem. When experts read such problems they are believed to use pattern-indexed schemata and heuristics for known problem categories. These schemata are represented by pattern-action pairs that interact concurrently with the augmented transition network used to parse the...
We investigate the use of automata theory to model strategies for nonzero-sum two-person games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma. We are particularly interested in infinite tournaments of such games. In the case of finite-state strategies (such as ALL D or TIT FOR TAT) we use graph traversal techniques to show...
Smalltalk-80 obtains some of its expressive power from arranging classes in a hierarchy. Inheritance is an important aspect of this hierarchy. An alternative organization of classes is proposed that emphasizes description instead of inheritance. This alternative can be used with compile-time type checking and retains the important characteristics of Smalltalk's...
The task of inductive learning from examples places constraints on the representation of training instances and concepts. These constraints are different from, and often incompatible with, the constraints placed on the representation by the performance task. This incompatibility explains why previous researchers have found it so difficult to construct good...
The focus of this paper is on the underlying knowledge base for an intelligent tutorial system for high school algebra problems. We present a model of problem solving flexible enough to account for a variety of problem solving behaviors and general enough to allow new problem domains to be defined...
Yashar is a rule based meta-tool for rapidly producing tools to increase programming speed through automating restructuring of existing source code modules so they can be reused, generating of syntax-directed tools, language-to-language translation, automated document generation , and various debugging tools. The main significance of Yashar is that it can...
Arash is a rule-based tool for re-structuring source programs in order to build software systems from reusable components. Arash incorporates a collection of Generalizers which transform source code modules into abstracted modules. Conversely, a collection of Refiners produce a concrete instance from an abstracted source module . Both Generalizers and...
Artimis is part of an environment for software reuse consisting of two logically independent portions, 1) the indexing and retrieval facility called, GrabBag, for storage and subsequent retrieval of reusable modules, and 2) a set of tools called Browsers, which aid reading and understanding of source programs. GrabBag creates a...
The research reported here was a preliminary study to assess the nature and extent of herbicides leaving the target area in runoff water when these materials are used in container nurseries, and with less emphasis from nurseries growing field stock.
Specific objectives of this study were to:
1) Survey the...
Recently there has been publicity concerning the finding of Methiocarb residues in some wines, including wines from Oregon, Washington and New Zealand. This article reviews the current (and potential future?) "status" of the use of Mesurol as a bird repellent on grapes in light of recent Federal legislation and of...
The following is a report on a limited survey we conducted testing for the presence of Mesurol (Methiocarb) in Oregon wines. This study was undertaken as a result of recent publicity (resulting from testing in British Columbia) concerning the finding of Methiocarb residues in some wines, including Oregon wines; and...
Grape growers seeking to protect their grapes from bird depredations have no economic guidelines for selecting one or more of several control alternatives. Many growers are not aware of the cost of applying the various control techniques, nor do they know how effective these techniques are in preventing damage to...
Oregon State University's Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics conducted a winegrape acreage survey in Oregon for the 1986 production year. Winegrape acreage has been increasing dramatically and the Wine Advisory Board (WAB) is interested in keeping track of these changes. In 1981, 1982, and 1984 the Department made surveys...
Proceedings of the 45th Pacific Northwest Vegetable Insect Conference Management Conference, held January 13-14, 1986 at the Imperial Hotel in Portland, Oregon.
In 1981, a trial was established to evaluate the performance of several strains of malolactic bacteria. Pinot noir wines were inoculated with several strains of malolactic bacteria, and their performance was reported by Watson (above). One strain, ML-34, can be thought of as the industry standard, while ER-1A and EY-2D...
Malolactic fermentations are important in the production of quality table wines in cool climate winegrowing areas world-wide. The fermentation is encouraged to lower the acidity by converting malic to lactic acid, to increase aroma and flavor complexity, and to increase biological stability (1,2,3). Traditionally malolactic fermentations occur sporadically from growth...
The recent establishment of the Oregon winegrape industry has been based on an important assumption that Oregon is phylloxera free. This assumption plus the attractiveness of planting a vineyard with inexpensive selfrooted plants has resulted in an industry particularly vulnerable to phylloxera. In fact, this assumption is only partially true....
This study was initiated in its original form in 1982 with the Yamhill Soil and Water Conservation District and the McMinnville Field Office of the USDA-Soil Conservation Service. The Soils Department, Oregon State University, was one of several cooperators, in part funded by The Wine Advisory Board.
In 1984 and...
This year's late spring frost prompted a number of growers to call OSU with questions about the fruitfulness of secondary buds and about management alternatives for frost damaged vines. In response to this concern three experiments were established in Willamette Valley vineyards. At Chateau Benoit Vineyard ten vines of MollerThurgau...