The daytime evolution of warm cloud microphysical properties over the southeast Pacific during October–November 2008 is investigated with optical/infrared retrievals from the Tenth Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-10) imager. GOES-10 retrievals, produced at NASA Langley Research Center, are validated against in situ aircraft observations and with independent satellite observations. Comparisons...
The spread of medusahead across the western United States has severe implications for a wide range of ecosystem
services. Medusahead invasion reduces biodiversity, wildlife habitat and forage production, and often leads to
increased fire frequency and restoration costs. Medusahead is problematic in the Intermountain West and California
Annual Grasslands. The...
Many exotic annual grasses are believed to increase wildfire frequency to the detriment of native vegetation
by increasing fine fuels and thus, creating a grass-fire cycle. However, information on differences in fuel characteristics
between invaded and non-invaded plant communities is lacking, or is based mainly on speculation and anecdotal evidence....
African rue is a poisonous, perennial forb that readily invades salt-desert shrub and sagebrush-steppe rangelands. Information detailing options for integrated management of African rue is lacking. To date, a few studies have researched the efficacy of different herbicides for controlling African rue, but none have investigated integrated approaches to its...
Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L] Gaertm) has been seeded on more than 5 million hectares in western North America because it establishes more readily than native bunchgrasses. Currently, there is substantial interest in reestablishing native species in sagebrush steppe, but efforts to reintroduce native grasses into crested wheatgrass stands have...
Western rangelands are currently under severe threat from exotic annual grasses. To successfully manage rangelands that are either infested with or susceptible to exotic annual grasses, we must focus on increasing resilience to disturbance and resistance to exotic annual grass invasion. Here, we present a fuel-based model and research framework...
When a consumer (a recommender) recommends a product to another consumer (a recommendee), it is not uncommon to learn whether the recommendee chose the recommended option (i.e., accepted the recommendation) or a different option (i.e., rejected the recommendation). Our research examines how rejected recommendations affect recommenders’ subsequent intentions toward the...
Declining greater sage-grouse populations are causing concern for the future of this species across the western United States. Major
ecosystem issues, including exotic annual grass invasion and conifer encroachment, threaten vast acreages of sagebrush rangeland
and are primary threats to sage-grouse. We discuss types of problems facing sage-grouse habitat and...
Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S.L. Welsh) plant communities with degraded native herbaceous understories occupy vast expanses of the western United States. Restoring the native herbaceous understory in these communities is needed to provide higher-quality wildlife habitat, decrease the risk of exotic plant invasion,...
Monotypic stands of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L] Gaertm. and Agropyron desertorum [Fisch.] Schult.), an
introduced grass, occupy vast expanses of the sagebrush steppe. Efforts to improve habitat for sagebrush-associated wildlife by
establishing a diverse community of native vegetation in crested wheatgrass stands have largely failed. Instead of concentrating
on...
Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae [L.] Nevski) is an exotic annual grass invading western rangelands. Successful
revegetation of invaded-plant communities can be prohibitively expensive because it often requires iterative applications of
integrated control and revegetation treatments. Prescribed burning has been used to control medusahead and prepare seedbeds
for revegetation, but burning has...
Restoration of exotic annual grass-invaded rangelands is needed to improve ecosystem function and services.
Increasing plant species richness is generally believed to increase resistance to invasion and increase desired
vegetation. However, the effects of species richness and individual plant life forms in seed mixes used to restore
rangelands invaded by...
Fire has largely been excluded from many mountain big sagebrush communities. Managers are reluctant to
reintroduce fire, especially in communities without significant conifer encroachment, because of the decline in sagebrush-associated
wildlife. Given this management direction, a better understanding of fire exclusion and burning effects is
needed. We compared burned to...
Published November 1952. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences and can be found at: https://doi.org/10.3141/2463-01
OBJECTIVES:
The specific objectives of the present study were to 1) evaluate the rate of hemorrhage-related complications across a large number of feline pedicle tie procedures and 2) evaluate for a difference in surgical time between traditional pedicle double-ligation and pedicle tie procedures.
METHODS:
In the initial phase of the...
To gain a better understanding of how rapidly microbial communities respond to different magnitudes of perturbation that mimic minor or catastrophic disturbances.
Two montane sites in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon with adjacent areas of forest and meadow vegetation were studied. A reciprocal transplant experiment evaluated both minor (soil...
Season affects many characteristics of populations and, as a result, the interpretations of surveys conducted at different seasons. We explored seasonal variation in occupancy using data from four studies on the Pacific marten Martes caurina. Detection surveys were conducted during winter and summer using either cameras or track stations. We...
The impact of mountains and ice sheets on the large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans is investigated in a series of simulations with a new coupled ocean–atmosphere model [Oregon State University–University of Victoria model (OSUVic)], in which the height of orography is scaled from 1.5 times the actual height (at...
Published April 1943. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The ascomycete Geosmithia morbida and the walnut twig beetle Pityophthorus juglandis are associated with thousand
cankers disease of Juglans (walnut) and Pterocarya (wingnut). The disease was first reported in the western United States
(USA) on several Juglans species, but has been found more recently in the eastern USA in the...
The study of how population genetic structure is shaped by attributes of the environment is a central scientific pursuit in ecology and conservation. But limited resources may prohibit landscape genetics studies for many threatened species, particularly given the pace of current environmental change. Understanding the extent to which species' ecological...
Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella are sometimes used as a biological tool for managing aquatic vegetation in reservoirs. Sterile, triploid fish were stocked in Devils Lake, Oregon, during 1986, 1987, and 1993 to control aquatic vegetation. We present a case study for using multiple measures on the same fish to determine...
We investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce integrated NPP in the Arctic Ocean. The models were provided with two sources each of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (chlorophyll), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed-layer depth (MLD). The models were most sensitive to...
As we contend with human impacts on the biosphere, there is rightfully a great emphasis now on community adaptation and resilience to climate change. Recent innovations in information technologies and analyses are helping communities to become more resilient. However, not often discussed in this vein is a path toward digital...
In a previous article, Beschta et al. (Environ
Manag 51(2):474–491, 2013) argue that grazing by large
ungulates (both native and domestic) should be eliminated
or greatly reduced on western public lands to reduce
potential climate change impacts. The authors did not
present a balanced synthesis of the scientific literature, and...
The genus Phytophthora contains some of the most notorious plant pathogens affecting nursery crops. Given the recent emergence of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, particularly in association with Rhododendron spp., characterization of Phytophthora communities associated with this host in nursery environments is prudent. Many taxa may present symptoms...
Estimating nonmarket benefits for erosion protection can help inform better decision making and policies for communities to adapt to climate change. We estimate private values for a coastal protection option in an empirical setting subject to irreversible loss from coastal erosion and a land-use policy that provides identifying variation in...
Crystallographic studies of ligands bound to biological macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) represent an important source of information concerning drug-target interactions, providing atomic level insights into the physical chemistry of complex formation between macromolecules and ligands. Of the more than 115,000 entries extant in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive,...
Nursery plants are important vectors for plant pathogens. Understanding what pathogens occur in nurseries in different production stages can be useful to the development of integrated systems approaches. Four horticultural nurseries in Oregon were sampled every 2 months for 4 years to determine the identity and community structure of Phytophthora...
The recent multistate outbreak of
a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg
strain from commercial poultry production highlights
the need to better understand the reservoirs of these
zoonotic pathogens within the commercial poultry production
and processing environment. As part of a larger
study looking at temporal changes in microbial communities
within the...
Research progress to understand the role of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in human health has been slow in coming. This is predominantly the result of several flawed approaches to study design, often lacking a full appreciation of the redox chemistry and biology of ascorbic acid. In this review, we summarize...
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has caused significant economic damage to berry and stone fruit production regions. Markers that are systemic in plants and easily transferred to target organisms are needed to track D. suzukii exploitation of host resources and trophic interactions. High and low concentrations of the trace element,...
Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), may utilize wild ‘Himalaya’ blackberry (HB) Rubus armeniacus Focke or other non-crop plants as refugia and possibly exploit adjacent field margins before colonizing cultivated fruiting crops. Studies were conducted to determine the role of field margins containing HB and their effect on...
The atrypid brachiopod Strophatrypa skaflestadi gen. et sp. nov. occurs in unnamed upper Silurian strata exposed near the town of Hoonah on northeast Chichagof Island, Southeast Alaska. The new genus represents the first strophic atrypoid with many characters otherwise similar to those of the Atrypidae. Although this genus is known...
A new Phytophthora species was detected (i) in the USA, infecting foliage of Kalmia latifolia, (ii) in substrate underneath Pieris, and (iii) in Germany in soil samples underneath Aesculus hippocastanum showing disease symptoms. The new species Phytophthora obscura sp. nov. is formally named based on phylogenetic analysis, host range, Kochs...
The effect of bactericidal UV-C treatments (254 nm) on E. coli O157:H7 suspended in apple juice increased synergistically with temperature up to a threshold value. The optimum UV-C treatment temperature was 55 °C yielding a 58.9% synergistic lethal effect. Under these treatment conditions, the UV-heat (UV-H[subscript 55 °C]) lethal variability...
Gomphus sensu lato (Gomphales) was described to include species of cantharelloid-gomphoid fungi that had 'merulioid' (wrinkled) hymenia and verrucose spores. Gomphus sensu stricto is currently characterized by unipileate to merismatoid (composed of several pilei) basidiomata, depressed funnel- to fan-shaped pilei, presence of clamp connections, and verrucose spores; it has three...
Trends and sources of lead (Pb) aerosol pollution in the North Pacific rim of North America from 1850 to 2001 are investigated using a high-resolution (subannual to annual) ice core record recovered from Eclipse Icefield (3017 masl; St. Elias Mountains, Canada). Beginning in the early 1940s, increasing Pb concentration at...
Sclerotinia crown rot, caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum,
is a disease of pyrethrum in Australia that may cause substantial decline
in plant density. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the disease
were quantified in 14 fields during three growing seasons. Fitting the
binary power law to disease incidence provided slope...
Raptors that inhabit sagebrush steppe and grassland ecosystems in the western United States may be threatened by continued loss and modification of their habitat due to energy development, conversion to agriculture, and human encroachment. Actions to protect these species are hampered by a lack of reliable data on such basic...
Two techniques widely recommended for managing Port-Orford-cedar root disease (caused by the introduced pathogen Phytophthora lateralis) are vehicle washing and roadside sanitation. However, their effectiveness has never been tested using a sample-based approach. Vehicle washing effectiveness was evaluated using Port-Orford-cedar seedling baits and a double-washing method. Washing with water can...
In a coastal, fog-influenced forest on Santa Cruz Island in southern California, we
observed mortality of Bishop pine (Pinus muricata D.Don) trees following a brief (2 year), yet
intense, drought. While anecdotal evidence indicates that drought-induced Bishop pine mortality
has occurred in the past in the stand we studied, this...
A new in situ fluorometer for the detection of oceanic photosynthetic pigment fluorescence is described.
Emission spectra from 546 to 733 nm are recorded for each of three different visible excitation bands ten
times a second. A Spectralon cell is used to improve the excitation coupling to and the collection...
Although age-related deficits in emotion perception have been established using photographs of individuals, the extension of these findings to dynamic displays and dyads is just beginning. Similarly, most eye-tracking research in the person perception literature, including those that study age differences, have focused on individual attributes gleaned from static images;...
Objective:
In the U.S. Pacific Northwest, climate change is increasing air temperatures, decreasing warm season (April–September) streamflow, and increasing cool season (October–March) streamflow. Warmer water temperatures may alter conditions for migratory coldwater fishes like the Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus. Consequently, an understanding of Bull Trout migration and survival is critical...
Small, low-head diversion dams are capable of withdrawing much of the flow of a river, often resulting in elevated water temperatures. Accelerated growth and development of aquatic invertebrates has been demonstrated in warmer temperatures, suggesting that the timing of insect emergence and adult body size may be significantly altered by...
Simplifying stand structure to reduce fuel density is a high priority for forest managers; however, affects to Pacific marten (Martes caurina) movement and connectivity are unknown. We evaluated whether thinning forests to reduce fuels influenced movements of Pacific marten. We collected movement paths from 22 martens using global positioning system...
We determine rates of gross photosynthetic O₂ production (GOP) and net community O₂ production (NCP) using the triple oxygen isotope and O₂/Ar approach on two spring and two late summer meridional transects of the NE Pacific. Observed GOP and NCP in the subtropical (89 ± 9 and 8.3 ± 1.3...
The MINERvA Collaboration reports a novel study of neutrino-nucleus charged-current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) using the same neutrino beam incident on targets of polystyrene, graphite, iron, and lead. Results are presented as ratios of C, Fe, and Pb to CH. The ratios of total DIS cross sections as a function...
Molecular phylogenctic analyses indicate that the monophyletic classes Orbiliomycetes and Pezizomycetes are among the earliest diverging branches of Pezizomycotina, the largest subphylum of the Ascomycota. Although Orbiliomycetes is resolved as the most basal lineage in some analyses, molecular support for the node resolving the relationships between the two classes is...
The atmospheric low-level coastal jet (LLCJ) in the Southeast Pacific (SEP) region is characterized as either a strong-forcing jet (colder and drier air) or weak-forcing jet (warm and moist) based on the location of the Southeast Pacific high-pressure system (SEPH). The sea-surface temperature (SST) changes corresponding to a particularly strong-forcing...
More frequent wildfires and incidences of mega-fires have increased the pressure for fuel treatments in sagebrush (Artemisia) communities. Winter grazing has been one of many fuel treatments proposed for Wyoming big sagebrush (A. tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle and A. Young) communities. Though fire risk and severity can be reduced...
Photosynthetic production of organic matter by microscopic oceanic phytoplankton fuels ocean ecosystems
and contributes roughly half of the Earth's net primary production. For 13 years, the Sea-viewing Wide
Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) mission provided the first consistent, synoptic observations of global ocean
ecosystems. Changes in the surface chlorophyll concentration, the primary...
Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight, an important and costly disease of potato and tomato crops. Seven clonal lineages of P. infestans identified recently in the United States were tested for baseline sensitivity to six oomycete-targeted fungicides. A subset of the dominant lineages (n = 45) collected between 2004 and...
Many obligate symbiotic fungi are difficult to maintain in culture, and there is a growing need for alternative approaches to obtaining tissue and subsequent genomic assemblies from such species. In this study, the genome of Elaphomyces granulatus was sequenced from sporocarp tissue. The genome assembly remains on many contigs, but...
Production of Kþ mesons in charged-current νμ interactions on plastic scintillator (CH) is measured using MINERvA exposed to the low-energy NuMI beam at Fermilab. Timing information is used to isolate a sample of 885 charged-current events containing a stopping Kþ which decays at rest. The differential cross section in Kþ...
Little is known about how cultivation legacies affect the outcome of rehabilitation seedings in the Great Basin, even though both
frequently co-occur on the same lands. Similarly, there is little known about how these legacies affect native species re-establishment
into these seedings. We examined these legacy effects by comparing areas...
The protein palmitoylation cycle has been shown to be important for protein signaling and synaptic plasticity. Data from our lab showed a change in the palmitoylation status of certain proteins with age. A greater percentage of the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B, along with Fyn and PSD95 proteins, were...
The present paper describes the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean–Cloud–Atmosphere–Land Study (VOCALS), an international research program focused on the improved understanding and modeling of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) climate system on diurnal to interannual time scales. In the framework of the SEP climate, VOCALS has two fundamental...
Huckleberry Gold is a purple-skin, yellow-flesh fresh market cultivar with similar culinary qualities to the market standard Yukon Gold. It has lower specific gravity, sucrose and vitamin C content, but a significantly higher level of tuber antioxidants than Yukon Gold. Notable disease resistant characteristics are Potato virus X resistance based...
The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was an international field program designed to make observations of poorly understood but critical components of the coupled climate system of the southeast Pacific. This region is characterized by strong coastal upwelling, the coolest SSTs in the tropical belt, and is home to...
In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and ocean acidification, with potentially wideranging biological effects. Population-level shifts are occurring because of physiological intolerance to new environments, altered dispersal patterns, and changes in species interactions. Together...
The southeast Pacific Ocean is covered by the world's largest stratocumulus cloud layer, which has a strong impact on ocean temperatures and climate in the region. The effect of anthropogenic sources of aerosol particles on the stratocumulus deck was investigated during the VOCALS field experiment. Aerosol measurements below and above...
A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis
system is needed to improve the fundamental understanding
of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to
project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of policies
aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase
carbon sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation...
Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor on board NASA’s EO-1 satellite with a spatial
resolution of approximately 30 m and a swath width of about 7 km. It was originally designed
for land applications, but its unique spectral configuration (430 nm – 2400 nm with a ~10 nm
spectral resolution) and...
Correction
5 Mar 2013: Ohm RA, Feau N, Henrissat B, Schoch CL, Horwitz BA, et al. (2013) Correction: Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi. PLOS Pathogens 9(3): 10.1371/annotation/fcca88ac-d684-46e0-a483-62af67e777bd
Amino sugars in fungal cell walls (such as chitin) represent an important source of nitrogen (N) in many forest soil ecosystems. Despite the importance of this material in soil nitrogen cycling, comparatively little is known about abiotic and biotic controls on and the timescale of its turnover. Part of the...
Long-term research on freshwater ecosystems provides insights that can be difficult to obtain from other approaches. Widespread monitoring of ecologically relevant water-quality parameters spanning decades can facilitate important tests of ecological principles. Unique long-term data sets and analytical tools are increasingly available, allowing for powerful and synthetic analyses across sites....
Persistent and uncontrolled inflammation is the root cause of various debilitating diseases. Given that interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a critical modulator of inflammation, inhibition of its activity with selective drug molecules (IRAK4 inhibitors) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory disorders. To exploit the full potential of this...
The Collection 6 (C6) MODIS (Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer) land and atmosphere data
sets are scheduled for release in 2014. C6 contains significant
revisions of the calibration approach to account for sensor
aging. This analysis documents the presence of systematic
temporal trends in the visible and near-infrared (500 m)
bands...
The vast marine deep biosphere consists of microbial habitats within sediment, pore waters, upper basaltic crust and the fluids that circulate throughout it. A wide range of temperature, pressure, pH, and electron donor and acceptor conditions exists—all of which can combine to affect carbon and nutrient cycling and result in...
Most irrigation water in Oregon is of excellent quality. Occasionally a deep well yields water that is too salty for irrigation, or contains constituents that are detrimental to plants or soils. Water can be of poor quality for irrigation because of the amount of impurity (salt) it contains or the...
Historical ecology is becoming an important focus in conservation biology and offers a promising tool to help guide ecosystem management.
Here, we integrate data from multiple disciplines to illuminate the past, present, and future of biodiversity on California’s Channel Islands, an
archipelago that has undergone a wide range of land-use...
Background: Scientists rarely reuse expert knowledge of phylogeny, in spite of years of effort to assemble a great
“Tree of Life” (ToL). A notable exception involves the use of Phylomatic, which provides tools to generate custom
phylogenies from a large, pre-computed, expert phylogeny of plant taxa. This suggests great potential...
Pear accessions and species show a broad response to tissue culture media due to the wide genetic diversity that exists in the available pear germplasm. An initial study of mineral nutrition using a systematic response surface approach with five Murashige and Skoog medium mineral stock solutions indicated that the mesos...
Transcriptome and genome data from twenty stony coral species and a selection of reference bilaterians were studied to elucidate coral evolutionary history. We identified genes that encode the proteins responsible for the precipitation and aggregation of the aragonite skeleton on which the organisms live, and revealed a network of environmental...
Many physical education teachers are not well trained to address the needs of students with disabilities in an inclusive physical education class despite inclusion being a general educational policy (Rust & Sinelnikov, 2010). This lack of training could be improved through well-designed physical education teacher education (PETE) curriculum. This article...
Schizopora paradoxa KUC8140 is a white rot wood degrader commonly found in Korea. Tolerance to heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dye decolorization activity make this strain a potential candidate for mycoremediation. We report the genome sequence of S. paradoxa KUC8140 containing 44.4 Mbp. Based on ab initio gene...
Rates of net community production (NCP) and air-sea CO₂ flux in the Northeast Pacific subarctic, transition zone and subtropical regions (22°N–50°N, 145°W–152°W) were determined on a cruise in August–September 2008 by continuous measurement of surface values of the ratio of dissolved oxygen to argon (O₂/Ar) and the partial pressure of...
This publication focuses on using water analyses to choose appropriate water treatment and water management practices for irrigated agriculture. It will help determine:
• What tests are needed to characterize water quality
• How to collect water samples
• How to interpret analytical data from a laboratory
• How to...
Genome-enabled mycology is a rapidly expanding field that is characterized by the pervasive use of genome-scale data and associated computational tools in all aspects of fungal biology. Genome-enabled mycology is integrative and often requires teams of researchers with diverse skills in organismal mycology, bioinformatics and molecular biology. This issue of...
Microsclerotia (MS) production by two isolates of Lecanicillium lecanii on various culture media is described, and the efficacy of MS against western flower thrips is evaluated. High concentrations of MS (2.9-3.1×10⁵•mL⁻¹) were produced in media with C: N ratios of 7.4:1 and 10.3:1 by isolate SN21. Bioassays using soil-incorporated MS...
During July 1970, albacore boats trolling surface jigs (jig boats) had record catches in an area off the mouth of the Columbia River. The jig fishery declined suddenly in late July and was poor throughout the remainder of the summer. No obvious oceanographic changes were correlated with these drastic changes...
Potential for large prairie remnants to provide habitat for grassland-obligate wildlife may be compromised by
nonsustainable range-management practices. In 1979–1980, high nesting densities of 3 species of hawks in the genus
Buteo—Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Red-tailed Hawk (B. jamaicensis), and Swainson’s Hawk (B. swainsoni)—were
documented on the Zumwalt Prairie and...
In lentic water bodies, such as lakes, the water temperature near the surface typically increases during the day, and decreases during the night as a consequence of the diurnal radiative forcing (solar and infrared radiation). These temperature variations penetrate vertically into the water, transported mainly by heat conduction enhanced by...
The subarctic-subtropical transition zone in the North Pacific represents the second largest sink of
atmospheric carbon dioxide in the world ocean, yet the relative importance of physical and biological processes in
this uptake is debated. In a step toward understanding the spatiotemporal variability of environmental,
physiological, and ecological factors that...
The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was used to model anti-reflective properties of a variety of sub-wavelength structures for 300 to 1300 nm input light. Light hitting non-tapered nanostructures exhibited interference patterns similar to thin film anti-reflective coatings (ARCs), increasing the anti-reflective effect at several wavelengths. The lowest reflectance...
The amount and type of carbon (C) in a forest soil reflects the past balance between C accumulation and loss. In an old-growth forest soil, C is thought to be in dynamic equilibrium between accumulations and losses. Disturbance upsets this equilibrium by altering the microclimate, the amount and type of...
Infestation by onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, was determined on transplants of onion (Allium cepa L.) received in Colorado during March and April from out-of-state sources (Imperial Valley, CA; near Phoenix, AZ; and southern Texas) during 2004 to 2008. In the 5 years of the study, 50 to 100% of...
A new nematode, Tripius gyraloura n. sp.,
is described from the arundo gall midge, Lasioptera
donacis Coutin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). This gall
midge is being considered as a biological control agent
for use in North America against the introduced giant
reed Arundo donax (L.) (Poaceae: Cyperales). Thus
the present study was...
Two-photon, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of carbon-monoxide (CO) and two-dimensional thermometry employing two-color, hydroxyl radical (OH) PLIF are used to characterize atmospheric-pressure inverse diffusion flames. These flames are important tools to aid the understanding of secondary reaction zones that may form in gas turbine engines when film-cooling air reacts with...
BACKGROUND: Effective implementation of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) in primary care
practices requires training and other resources, such as
online toolkits, to share strategies and materials. The
Veterans Health Administration (VA) developed an online
Toolkit of user-sourced tools to support teams
implementing its Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT)
medical...
Exoskeletons have been recognized as an effective ergonomic control to reduce physical risk factors, including forceful exertions and awkward postures that are common in manual timber felling. However, no evidence exists to date that offers industry perspectives, important facilitators, and potential barriers for adopting exoskeletons in the forest industry. Therefore,...
Widespread stratocumulus clouds were observed on nine transects from seven research cruises to the southeastern tropical Pacific Ocean along 20°S, 75°–85°W in October–November of 2001–08. The nine transects sample a unique combination of synoptic and interannual variability affecting the clouds; their ensemble diagnoses longitude–vertical sections of the atmosphere, diurnal cycles...