Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis (MAH) is an opportunistic environmental pathogen that causes respiratory and gastrointestinal illness in immunocompromised persons such as those with chronic respiratory diseases or AIDs, respectively. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infections, including in cystic...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a cause of
Johne's disease (JD) in cattle and other ruminants. MAP infection in the bovine
host is not well characterized. It is assumed that crossing the bovine intestinal
mucosa is important for MAP to establish infection. MAP's ability to infect
bovine epithelial cells...
Mycobacterium avium is a ubiquitous environmental organism found in water and soil. It can cause disease in patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions, immunocompromised patients with the most prevalent being AIDS patients, as well as apparently healthy people. Studies have indicated that, upon macrophage uptake, Al. avium prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion, thus...
Mycobacterium avium is an intracellular pathogen that is associated with disseminated
infection, especially in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It
appears that patients with AIDS acquire M. avium mostly through the intestinal tract,
and that bacteria enter the intestinal wall at the terminal ileum. Previous studies have
found that...
Cases of pulmonary diseases caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) have increased over the years and have become a major health concern in Europe, Asia, and the United States. MAC, comprised of M. avium species and M. intracellulare, are found everywhere in the environment: in water sources and the soil....
Environmental mycobacteria are important opportunistic pathogens for many hosts,
including humans, cattle, and fish. Two well-studied species are Mycobacterium
avium subsp. avium, a significant cause of disseminated bacterial disease in patients
with AIDS, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the cause of Johne’s
disease in cattle. Many other species that are...
1,4-Dioxane (dioxane) is a probable human carcinogen and is often found comingled with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon (CAH) contamination since dioxane is used as a stabilizer in CAH solutions. Dioxane is miscible in water, has a low K[subscript ow], low H[subscript cc], and is highly recalcitrant in the environment. The presence...
Respiratory infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), especially Mycobacterium avium, can lead to progressive, recurrent disease that is refractory to therapy. Bacterial biofilms are intrinsically resistant to a variety of stressors and pressures, including host killing mechanisms and antibiotic therapy. Though it is becoming increasingly evident that NTM biofilms are...