Migration and spawning phenology of Pacific Salmon is linked to the hydroregime, and thought to be triggered by increases in river discharge and decreases in water temperature. However, little data exists that describes direct fine-scale linkages between the hydroregime and spawning in Coho Salmon. This study evaluated the spatial and...
One of the key outcomes of the Horizon 2020 PrimeFish project is the development and delivery of an innovative decision support framework (PrimeDSF) designed for public use. PrimeDSF collects and makes accessible to the scientific and other communities, economic methods, models, studies and other resources, but first and foremost a...
Recently local grains have become an area of economic growth. Local grain products, including whole-wheat and sourdough products, are increasingly in demand for their health benefits, unique flavor profiles, and association with local food movements. These local grain economies are beginning to boom, but they lack the technical aid that...
Corals provide a diversity of ecosystem services, are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, and directly support ~500 million people globally; however, corals are increasingly experiencing significant threats and are undergoing severe bleaching events as the result of the warming climate. Using a two-year data set surrounding a...
A major challenge to the study of the peopling of the Americas is that much of the Bering Land Bridge (Beringia), the geographic area that people migrating from Northeast Asia into North America would presumably have passed through, is now submerged due to sea-level rise since the last glacial maximum....
The structure of food webs and how they relate to community stability has been an important debate in ecology. Specifically, predictability of web shape and how it influenced by surrounding landscapes is one of the main goals of such discussions. Headwater streams provide a study template that is of interest...
Life on Earth intimately depends on the function of countless proteins. For the majority of studied proteins, function absolutely depends on conformation (i.e. 3-dimensional shape in solution). The exact nature of how a protein goes from an unfolded linear polypeptide chain to an organized folded molecule is still not known,...
Wheat is a globally traded staple crop. Wheat is important in human diets because of its agronomic adaptability, physical characteristics, functionality for the production of leavened products and nutritional value. Two significant characteristics make wheat an important staple food-crop. First, the proteins present in wheat endosperm have attributes that enable...
Floodplain forests play many important roles in the fluvial processes and environments of large alluvial rivers, including acting as geomorphological influences and habitat for native fish during high flows. Many large, gravel-bed river systems have undergone substantial change in recent centuries, resulting in loss of forested area to agriculture, reduction...
Biogeochemical mechanisms employed by key organisms, or symbiotic associations of organisms, transform the function and structure of their environment through processes recognized as ecosystem engineering. This dissertation seeks to investigate organism-ecosystem interactions that serve globally significant ecological functions in marine systems and impact how systems respond to environmental change. Using...
Species declines and extinctions have been recorded across taxa as evidence of an ongoing global biodiversity crisis. Amphibians are at the forefront of these declines with nearly one third of amphibian species estimated to be at risk of extinction. While many factors contribute to population declines and extinctions, the role...
In the past decade, declines in amphibian populations have captured scientific and popular interest. The causes of the declines are likely to be complex and involve interactions between several environmental stressors. Using multifactorial experiments, I investigated the combined effects of several anthropogenic stressors on developing amphibians in Oregon, USA. In...
In undisturbed N-limited forested catchments, DON may represent over 90% of the total N lost in streams. Some ecologists have suggested that plant-derived reactive polyphenols may be responsible for DON binding and transport because polyphenol-protein complexes are known to precipitate out of solution, bind to mineral surfaces or organic matter...
Whether media plays a contributory or a conduit role in the policy process has been a salient focus among policy scholars. If media plays a contributory role in the policy process, it not only shares similar policy core beliefs with advocacy coalitions, but also drafts and disseminates stories including policy...
Biodiversity losses in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems are accelerating at a global scale and the most threatened vertebrate taxa are those associated with freshwater habitats. The causes of biodiversity losses are often complex and include synergistic effects of natural and human-induced stressors, such as habitat loss and fragmentation, urbanization,...
:
_____________________________________________________________________
Andrew R. Blaustein Deanna H. Olson
Biodiversity losses in terrestrial, freshwater
Dams impound the majority of rivers and provide important societal benefits, especially daily water releases that enable on-peak hydroelectricity generation. Such “hydropeaking” is common worldwide, but its downstream impacts remain unclear. We evaluated the response of aquatic insects, a cornerstone of river food webs, to hydropeaking using a life history–hydrodynamic...
Full Text:
W. MILLER,
KIMBERLY L. DIBBLE, ERIC W. KORTENHOEVEN, ANYA N. METCALFE, AND COLDEN V. BAXTER
Dams
The distribution of Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi was assessed in a high-desert stream in southeastern Oregon where beaver Castor canadensis are abundant. Longitudinal patterns of beaver ponds, habitat, temperature, and Lahontan cutthroat trout age group distribution were identified throughout Willow Creek. Three distinct stream segments were classified based...
Experiments were conducted to determine both the influence of wood
moisture content on the fungitoxicity of methylisothiocyanate (MIT) to the
wood-decay fungus Poria carbonica, and the ability of gelatin to safely en-capsulate MIT for efficient treatment of wood products.
The fungitoxicity of MIT was studied by determining the product of...
The gonadal steroids, testosterone and estradiol, are known to be important
modulators of neuronal functions and behaviors in most vertebrate species. These
steroid hormones also elicit changes in neuropeptide synthesis and secretion, alter
specific neurohormone receptor levels, and alter neuronal morphology and
electrophysiology. Many of the actions of androgens and...
Copper is an excellent biocide which has a long history of usage for protecting wood from deterioration, but some organisms have developed tolerance for this chemical. Copper tolerance among wood decay fungi is a poorly understood phenomenon that is gaining importance as cofactors such as arsenic and chromium are removed...
Sugar phosphate cyclases (SPCs) are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of many important natural products. SPCs form a unique cyclitol during the early steps in the biosynthesis of many natural products. These natural products include rifamycin, which is chemically modified to rifampicin and used clinically as an antituberculosis drug, and...
As part of a hierarchical approach to classifying watersheds and stream habitats based on geomorphic and geologic criteria, we defined ten classes of fluvial and lacustrine habitats at the scale of valley segments. Valley segments are landscape units which encompass surface waters and the adjacent floodplains and hillslopes with which...
The purpose of this study was to; (1) determine the extent of well water contamination with nitrate and pesticides, and to understand the relationships among nitrate, pesticide, dissolved chloride, dissolved sulfate, well age, and well depth in the southern Willamette Valley, Oregon; and, (2) to investigate local residents' perceptions and...
Background and objectives: One hard wheat and one semi-hard wheat were milled on commercial, laboratory, and household-scale flour mills with rotating elements ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 m in diameter and speeds ranging from 65 to 40,000 rpm. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the quality...
The literature available on the silica content of herbaceous biomass, and its relative mobility in leaching/extraction systems, includes studies that have employed several different methods for silica quantification. This makes comparison of the data difficult. The objective of this thesis research was to determine the quantitative relationships between the measured...
Butter has long been the premium choice for producing pastries such as Danish and croissants. Its inclusion has consistently delivered characteristically light and airy crumbs with beautifully flaky crust. Once considered a delicacy, pastries have now become innocuous in our everyday lives. Once requiring a skillful hand to sculpt and...
Naked (hull-less) barley has historically been grown for food, but interest in, and breeding efforts for, its use in malting and brewing have increased due to the potential benefits: reduced off-flavors, reduced spent grain, and higher malt extract. These benefits are offset by limiting factors such as high b-glucan and...
Fisheries managers often use models of population density to evaluate the status of stream-living fishes, but many of these models have low predictive performance for abundance and density. These models could incorporate several factors that can limit population density, particularly the effect of body size, envisioned by the theory of...
BACKGROUND: On the basis of the 2014 guidelines for hypertension therapy in the United States,
many eligible adults remain untreated. We projected the cost-effectiveness of treating
hypertension in U.S. adults according to the 2014 guidelines.
METHODS: We used the Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model to simulate drug-treatment and
monitoring costs, costs...
Full Text:
pages 29‐34
Appendix Acknowledgements page 35
LIST OF INVESTIGATORS
Authors: Andrew E
Marine sediments are one of the largest habitats for microbial life on earth. These microorganisms play critical roles in biogeochemical cycling both within the subsurface and between the sediment and water columns. However, microbial communities in sediments are highly heterogeneous and the factors defining microbial community structure and metabolic function...
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and member of the basic helix-loop-helix Per/ARNT/Sim (bHLH/PAS) family of chemosensors and developmental regulators. As a member of the PAS domain family of transcription factors responsive to exogenous signals, the AhR exerts influence on many processes relating to cellular fate....
I studied the feeding behavior of marked individuals of the
carnivorous marine snail Thais melones in a rocky shore habitat of
Pacific Panama. The population of snails consume a variety of
invertebrate species such as bivalves, limpets, and polychaetes.
Individuals exhibited a range of diet breadth, with some
specialized, but...
Targeting the epigenome, including the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, is a novel strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound found at high levels in broccoli and broccoli sprouts, is a potent inducer of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes and inhibits tumorigenesis in animal models. SFN also has a...
Intrinsic characteristics of Pacific sardines were determined. The lipid content
in sardines was initially low (6.79%) in the beginning ofthe season, increased to
22.95% in mid-August, and decreased slightly by the end of September. An inverse
correlation (R² = -0.90) was found between lipid and moisture content. Analysis
showed that...
Species invasions have a range of negative effects on recipient ecosystems, and many occur at a scale and magnitude that preclude complete eradication. When complete extirpation is unlikely with available management resources, an effective strategy may be to suppress invasive populations below levels predicted to cause undesirable ecological change. We...
Understanding the genetic basis of pathogen susceptibility in various crop plants is crucial to increasing the stability of food, feed, and fuel production. Varietal differences in defence responses provide insights into the mechanisms of resistance and are a key resource for plant breeders. To explore the role of salicylic acid...
Full Text:
treatment
Andrew S. Fister1, Shawn T. O’Neil2, Zi Shi3, Yufan Zhang1, Brett M. Tyler2,4, Mark J
Cold seep communities with distinctive chemoautotrophic fauna occur where hydrocarbon-rich fluids escape from the seabed. We describe community composition, population densities, spatial extent, and within-region variability of epifaunal communities at methane-rich cold seep sites on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Using data from towed camera transects, we match observations to...
Biodiversity losses are occurring worldwide due to a combination of stressors. For example, by one estimate, 40% of amphibian species are vulnerable to extinction, and disease is one threat to amphibian populations. The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a contributor to amphibian...
The DIRT (Detrital Input and Removal Treatments) experiment has been the basis for many analyses on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in relation to detrital manipulation. To this day, no other biogeochemical component has been measured in the DIRT sites. In light of this fact, the objective of my research was...
Full Text:
Ca.” Singapore: PerkinElmer Instruments, 2000.
Erway MM, Motter K, Baxter K. 2004
Oomycetes are an important group of organisms with a variety of ecological roles similar to fungi. Although many are well-studied plant pathogens known for their devastating effects on agricultural systems, most are little-studied saprobes and parasites of plants and animals in nearly every ecosystem on earth. The advent of affordable...
In small forested streams, changes in age and structure of riparian vegetation covering the stream have been shown to directly influence the amount of light reaching the stream benthos. Light has the potential to impact in-stream resources that support secondary production through constraints on primary productivity. The influence of landscape...
Gender bias and discrimination are currently some of the most pertinent topics being explored in counseling practice and counselor education and supervision. Because of all the public attention in recent years to the topics of transgender and marriage equality, the definitions of gender identity and gender roles have become more...
Despite a large and multifaceted effort to understand the vast landscape of phenotypic data, their current form inhibits productive data analysis. The lack of a community-wide, consensus-based, human- and machine-interpretable language for describing phenotypes and their genomic and environmental contexts is perhaps the most pressing scientific bottleneck to integration across...
Riparian zones are ecotones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Processes in streams are strongly influenced by riparian forest communities, age, stage and structure. Temperate forests across much of North America, including riparian areas, are recovering from historic land clearing with many stands in the stem-exclusion phase of development in which...
Colic is a general term given for any abdominal pain.
There are many types and causes of colic, as well as predisposing
factors. Digestive colic, the true form of colic, can be
caused by feeding and management practices. The intestine
may become blocked and twisted, or gas may develop. A...
These three papers address uncertainty in the management and valuation of renewable natural resources. The first paper develops a model to integrate both stock and price uncertainty to obtain optimal resource levels. The model is an extension of Reed (1974) and shows by proof and by example that when prices...
Approximately 4,210 feet of Late Cretaceous and 1,440 feet of Tertiary sedimentary rocks are exposed in the Salt Wells Anticline area of southcentral Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Late Cretaceous units include the Blair, Rock Springs, Ericson, and Almond Formations of the Mesaverde Group and the Lewis Shale; Tertiary units include the...
Full Text:
discoveries in and about
South Baxter Basin.
The first regional study of Cretaceous rocks of the Rock
Freshwater rearing is a critical period in the life cycle of anadromous salmonids, known to produce carry-over effects mediating long-term growth and survival. Freshwater growth is primarily determined by food availability and temperature. While many species of salmon rear in freshwater for a full year or longer, most trophic ecology...
This study explores the narratives of male undergraduate students and their experiences with body dissatisfaction. The inquiry utilizes a constructivist epistemology and a qualitative design in order to best understand previous and current experiences of individuals who have reflected upon their body image as part of their identity. To gather...
Oregon Biography Index is intended to serve primarily as a starting point in locating biographies of Oregonians. We have indexed 47 historical volumes which are either entirely devoted to biographies or have large self-contained biographical sections. The profiles in the books vary widely in accuracy and detail. Birth dates of...
The introduction of non-native species can negatively impact native species through reduced genetic fitness resulting from hybridization. The lack of spatiotemporal data of hybrids occurrences makes assessing hybridization risk difficult. Here, I developed a spatially-explicit GIS Hybridization Risk Model (HRM) between native ESA-listed Bull Trout and introduced Brook Trout by...
Micro energy and chemical systems (MECS) are microfluidic systems where energy and chemical processes can be intensified by decreasing the characteristic length. This project focused on bulk fluid processing using MECS technology to intensify the mass transport of a dialyzer. The objective of this project was to
design a model...
The Oaxaca Valley, located in the state of Oaxaca in Southern Mexico, was the site of the Zapotec civilization and its now famous capital, Monte Albán. This site, with political, military, and economic influence and control, helped to consolidate the three arms of the Oaxaca Valley, resulting in a state-level...
While the U.S. energy portfolio increasingly includes renewables, social acceptance of such technologies can pose an important challenge for developers. Using survey data from a random sample of nearby households (n=524), content analysis of coverage in local newspapers, and interviews with various stakeholders (n=14), I explore local social acceptance of...
The focus of this thesis is to design, characterize, and apply novel computational methods and molecular systems to interrogate heterogeneous human gut microbiome-related phenomena. In Chapter 2, I design, implement, and characterize a method for embedding co-occurrence patterns derived from massive 16s amplicon datasets. I use this method to 1....
Archaeological investigations at the Cooper's Ferry site in Western Idaho have recovered cultural remains dating to 16,000 years ago, suggesting the oldest human occupation recorded in North America. However, many archaeologists have argued the initial peopling of North America occurred no earlier than the opening of an ice-free corridor between...
The 8th Annual Oregon Coastal Caucus Economic Summit was held August 21-22, 2019 in Florence, Oregon. Over 600 people attended the event which promotes the economic development of rural coastal regions, promotes relationships across regional and political spectrums, and pursues a balanced approach that can unite all Oregonians. Oregon Sea...
How can an agent generalize its knowledge to new circumstances? To learn
effectively an agent acting in a sequential decision problem must make intelligent action selection choices based on its available knowledge. This dissertation focuses on Bayesian methods of representing learned knowledge and develops novel algorithms that exploit the represented...
ABSTRACT
Improved Fumigants
After 13 years, chioropicrin, methylisothiocyanate (MIT), Vapam, and
Vorlex continue to effectively control internal decay of pressure-treated
Douglas-fir transmission poles. The estimated retreating schedules for
application of these fumigants to treated wood may be as long as 10 years
for Vapam and 15 years for the others....
Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilbertson, cause of laminated
root and butt rot, is a heterothallic basidiomycete lacking
clamp connections. Two biological species groups of the fungus
have been hypothesized, the Douglas-fir and cedar-types, on the
basis of physiological, morphological and epidemiological
differences. Single-spore and vegetative isolates differ in
cultural morphology, nuclear...
Social and personal identities were examined for
samples of college graduate students in three culturally
different groups: Anglo-American, Mexican-American, and
Mexican National. Four identities were explored in terms
of salience, frequency, and valence: religious, family,
gender, and peer. No differences were found between the
groups on religious and gender identities....
ABSTRACT
Fumigants. Chioropicrin, Vapam and Vorlex continue to control Internal
decay of Douglas-fir poles 11 years after application.
Methylisothiocyanate (MIT), which was melted and poured into holes in
Douglas-fir poles 3-years ago and goes directly from a solid to a gas in the
wood, appears promising In controlling decay fungi....
ABSTRACT
Improved Fumigants
Chioropicrin, Vorlex and Vapam continue to control internal decay of
pressure-treated Douglas-fir poles 12 years after application. Fungitoxic quantities
of chloropicrin are present in the wood as high as 2.4 m (8 feet) above
the groundline. Solid methylisothiocyanate (MIT), which goes directly to a vapor,
is somewhat...
Skin condition assessment of wildlife can provide insight into individual and population health. Yet, logistics can limit skin condition assessment of large whales. We developed a standardized, quantitative protocol using photographs to assess skin condition of blue whales in New Zealand, and demonstrate the value gained by testing hypotheses, documenting...
Estimating the abundance of long-lived, migratory animals is challenging but essential
for managing populations. We provide the first abundance estimates of endangered humpback
whales Megaptera novaeangliae from their breeding grounds in Oceania, South Pacific.
Using fluke photo-identification (1999−2004, n = 660 individuals) and microsatellite genotypes
(1999−2005, n = 840 individuals),...
Full Text:
variation in South Pacific humpback whale songs. Behaviour 135:1-27 14
Katona S, Baxter B, Brazier O
Wine grape pomace (WGP) as a source of antioxidant dietary fiber was used to fortify bread and muffins bakery goods. Pinot Noir wine grape pomace (RWGP) and Pinot Grigio wine grape pomace (WWGP) replaced wheat flour at concentration between 5-20% (w/w). The finished bread and muffin products were evaluated for...
Low-tech habitat restoration techniques, including Stage 0 treatments, are increasingly applied but often lack robust evaluation of their effects. In 2018, one kilometer of the South Fork McKenzie (SFMK) River, OR was modified to the Stage 0 condition for the benefit of ESA-listed Chinook by raising the incised channel to...
The objective of this research is to support DfX considerations in the early phases of design, particularly Design for the Environment. In order to include DfX considerations, especially early in the design process, there needs to be access to knowledge and information that is usually only applicable further downstream in...
State-of-the-art personal robots need to perform complex manipulation tasks to be viable in complex scenarios. However, many of these robots, like the PR2, use manipulators with high degrees of freedom. High degrees of freedom are desirable from a functionality standpoint, but make the learning task more difficult by adding a...
I examined the relative roles of biotic and abiotic factors in structuring redband trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss distributions in the South Fork John Day. I first examined the
relationship between the biological traits of the fish assemblage and riparian-geomorphic features in context of prevailing theories of stream ecology stemming from the...
A diversity in climate, geologic parent material, and soil
characteristics exist in Jackson, Josephine, Coos, and Douglas
Counties of southwest Oregon. Previous field trials and soil testing
results have revealed uncertainties as to the phosphorus (P) status
of the soils in this area. Twenty-four sites from nine agriculturally
significant soil...