Basamid^R (3,5-dimethy1-1,3,5,2H-tetrahydrothiadiazine-
2-thione) is a crystalline powder used as a soil sterilant.
This fumigant acts in soil by decomposing to methylisothiocyanate
(MITC), the primary active ingredient, as well as
hydrogen sulfide, methylamine, and formaldehyde. In wood,
Basamid decomposes too slowly to be efficacious against
decay fungi unless amended with various...
The fungi that cause mold and stain of freshly sawn lumber result in millions of dollars in losses to the forest products industry. Stain and mold are typically prevented by either kiln drying or by application of a topical fungicide. While these treatments are effective, kiln drying is costly and...
A granular controlled release formulation of 2 percent MCH was applied at 4.48 kg/ha to 76.9 ha of uninfested, windthrown Douglas-fir by helicopter with a modified aerial spreader of 1.12 m capacity in May 1982. Douglas-fir beetle population reduction was 96.4 percent by late June. With one exception, treated plots...
An evaluation of the efficacy of steam treatment on reducing levels of Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, and
Trichoderma within styroblock containers was conducted at the Plum Creek Nursery in Pablo, Montana. Although levels, of both Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon were significantly reduced by cleaning, relatively high populations of both these fungi persisted after...
Douglas-fir beetle has increased to epidemic levels in mature-overmature Douglas-fir that has been top killed by western spruce budworm. About 42 trees per acre have been killed in an area at Lyon's Face and 36 trees per acre in other areas along the Madison River during the past 3 years....
Tests were conducted at the USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho to evaluate effectiveness of spring fumigation with dazomet to improve survival and performance of Douglas-fir and western white pine transplants. Spring fumigation greatly reduced populations of potentially pathogenic Fusarium and Pythium spp. Disease levels of container (plug+1) and...
Dwarf mistletoe is a serious problem on the Flathead Indian Reservation. Since the early 197o's, a procedure called thinning-sanitation has been applied to lightly infested stands. Evaluation of this procedure indicated that average dwarf mistletoe infection levels now range from 7 to 50 percent in larch and Douglas-fir treated 10...
Aphids are a widespread family of plant pests, whose abilities to suppress shoot
and root growth are well documented for many terrestrial plants. Only a few studies have
been conducted on conifer aphids of the genus Cinara. Cinara pseudotsugae are known
to attack Douglas-fir seedlings, an important crop in the...
Residual Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine are dwarf mistletoe-infested and pose a threat to existing regeneration. Felling or girdling these residuals, along with sanitation/thinning of dense patches of regeneration, will reduce dwarf mistletoe intensity and increase future volume yields. Present net worth of the project is $0.50/acre. Benefit/cost ratio is 1.01/1....
Residual Douglas-fir left after harvesting are dwarf mistletoe-infected and pose a threat to regeneration. Felling of residuals, coupled with planned slash disposal and thinning, will effectively reduce dwarf mistletoe intensity and increase future volume yields. The benefit/cost ratio based on timber values only, for the current rotation, is 0.041/1 at...
Residual Douglas-fir in older clearcuts are dwarf mistletoe-infected and pose a threat to regeneration present. Removal of these residuals coupled with planned or completed precommercial thinnings will effectively reduce dwarf mistletoe to an insignificant level and increase future volume yields. The benefit/cost ratio based on timber values alone is negative,...
Trees in a Douglas-fir stand infested with western spruce budworm were treated with a systemic insecticide to protect cone and seed production at three locations in Montana during 1983. Treatments applied were (1) acephate as an Acecap implant, (2) acephate as an Inject-A-Cide injection, and (3) control. Potential cone-bearing trees...
A preliminary evaluation of the biological control formulation of Trichoderma harzianum marketed as BioTrek® was conducted on bareroot Douglasfir and western white pine seedlings at the USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. The biocontrol material was applied topically on seed shortly after sowing and comparisons made between treated and...
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a commercially and ecologically important tree species native to western North America. The foliar pathogens Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, the causal agent of Swiss Needle Cast, and Rhabdocline species, the causal agents of Rhabdocline needle cast, are two important pathogens specific to Douglas-fir. These pathogens are highly influenced...
Two concentrations of dimethoate were applied with a hydraulic ground sprayer to cone-bearing Douglas-fir and grand fir trees. Single application (mid-June) and a double application (mid-June and mid-July) were compared. Three of the four treatments applied to Douglas-fir resulted in a significantly higher number of sound seeds produced per cone...
A population of the Douglas-fir cone moth, Barbara colfaxiana
(Kft. ), was studied on the Buckhead Seed Production Area, Oakridge,
Oregon, during 1971 and 1972. A method of estimating cone and
insect populations is presented. Factors contributing to the mortality
of B. colfaxiana are discussed, with resinosis being the critical...
The root systems of Douglas-fir trees infected with
Verticicladiella wagenerii and assigned by crown color and terminal
growth characteristics to several stages of decline were excavated at
three widely separated sites in the Coast Range of Oregon. Data were
gathered on insect species present, extent of colonization of the root...
Studies to identify the environmental factors that influence the rate of ectotrophic mycelial growth of Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilbertson along Douglas-fir roots were undertaken both in the laboratory and in the field. The effects of soil pH, nitrogen, moisture, temperature, microorganisms and bulk density were investigated. In the lab, the...
Verticicladiella wageneri Kendr. is a vascular wilt pathogen of
Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest, The disease is characterized by
black staining of colonized sapwood; crown symptoms are those typical
of a wilting syndrome. Histopathological studies revealed that the
pathogen is limited to the xylem but causes vascular dysfunction in
both...
Verticicladiella wageneri Kendrick is a vascular wilt
pathogen of conifers, causing a black staining of
colonized sapwood of roots and lower stem. In Douglas-fir,
V. wageneri is intimately associated with insects.
Hylastes nigrinus, Pissodes fasciatus, and Steremnuis
carinatus are commonly associated with diseased hosts,
carry inoculum of V. wageneri in...
Phellinus weirii, the cause of laminated root rot, is considered the most destructive root rot of Douglas-fir, but little is known about the damage it causes, to a forest. The objective of this study was to determine silvicultural impacts of P. weirii on a managed forest. A survey located and...
Three studies on Douglas-fir beetle (DFB), Dendroctonuspseudotsuae, were conducted to investigate its basic and applied biology. Studies included investigations into the spatial relationship of DFB infestations over multiple years and multiple landscapes, relationships between DFB brood adult lipid levels and position of development along the length of tree boles, and...
The impact of various factors on seed production in a
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed orchard in
western Oregon was examined by monitoring the fate of
seeds in thirty cones, stratified into three crown levels,
on each of ten trees during the 1984 growing season.
Cones were examined monthly between April...
Laminated root rot of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)
Franco) caused by the fungus Phellinus weirii (Murr.)Gilbertson was
studied in two successive stands in the Oregon Coast Range. Damage
due to the disease in a 60-year-old second-growth stand was compared
with incidence in the preceding 300-year-old stand on the same site....
The ectomycorrhizal fungi Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma
crustuliniforme and Laccaria laccata produced ethylene in vitro in
modified Melin-Norkrans liquid medium only if amended with 2.5 to
10 mM methionine; Pisolithus tinctorius failed to produce ethylene
unless the cultures were renewed with fresh methionine-amended
medium prior to ethylene assay. An additional 19...
Fusarium spp. are among the most important pathogens of Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings in bareroot nurseries. Currently the most effective
disease control method is soil fumigation with methyl bromide. As methyl bromide is
phased out, however, other disease management strategies may become more important.
We explored two alternative approaches to...
Published January 1918. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Live western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt., a tree species resistant to the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, produces the monoterpene 3-carene in higher concentrations compared to Douglas-fir, the preferred host of D. pseudotsugae (Reed et al. 1986). The inhibitory effects on attraction to aggregation pheromones and toxicity of 3-carene to...
Douglas-fir tussock moth populations are monitored annually in northern Idaho and western Montana to insure early detection of changes from endemic to outbreak population levels. Adult moth trapping in 1982 was intensified and expanded into additional areas from 1981 because of concern that with each passing year the probability of...
An epidemic of Douglas-fir tussock moth was detected in northern Idaho
in 1972. In 1973, aerial surveys showed that nearly 100,000 acres contained
various degrees of visible defoliation. An egg mass survey of
five reporting units made in the fall of 1973 determined potential for
damage in 1974. Based on...
A study was undertaken to determine the reliability of the formation
of a line of demarcation between paired cultures of Fomes
cajanderi Karst. as an indicator of dissimilar compatibility genotypes.
The results were applied to an assay of the number and location of
compatibility genotypes in each of four glaze-damaged,...
A glaze storm of exceptional severity was seen in the Corvallis
area, January, 1942. The weight of ice that accumulated in the
crowns of young-growth Douglas-fir trees caused widespread top
breakage in many stands lying in the broad path of this storm.
Early research on this phenomenon showed the majority...
A hierarchical series of studies, based mainly on molecular data, was conducted to elucidate the life history of the Douglas-fir Swiss needle cast pathogen Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii at macro- and micro-evolutionary scales. This information was then utilized to design and evaluate molecular diagnostic tools for use in studies on the epidemiology...