Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

An experimental investigation of combustion products through a flat, laminar, pre-mixed hydrocarbon-air flame

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  • Flat, laminar, premixed hydrocarbon-air flames were stabilized on a porous-plate burner. In addition to temperature profiles, concentration profiles were measured for methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, acetylene, propylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. Dead space thickness, luminous flame zone thickness and hydrocarbon disappearance point responses were also monitored. The experimental parameters investigated were hydrocarbon fuel type: propane and propylene; equivalence ratio: .90 to 1.10; plate temperature: 600°F to 800°F; and sampling position: .005 to .335 cm. A completely randomized nonreplicated factorial experiment was used to statistically detect the presence of main and two-factor interaction effects. Higher order three and four-factor interaction terms were pooled as an estimate of the error term. Null and alternative hypotheses were proposed concerning the presence of main and two-factor effects. The results of these tests indicate: 1. Stable species hydrocarbons exist in the reaction zone under all of the conditions investigated. Their concentration is a function of fuel type, equivalence ratio, sampling position and in some cases plate temperature. Several significant interaction terms are also present. 2. Ethylene is the major stable hydrocarbon species for both propane and propylene as fuels. The quantitative ranking of the other hydrocarbon species is a function of fuel type, equivalence ratio, and plate temperature. 3. Dead space thickness is a function of fuel type, equivalence ratio, and plate temperature but no significant two- factor interaction terms are present. For each fuel, dead space thickness may be expressed in the functional form Y = β₀ + β₁X₁ + β₂X₂ + β₃X²₁ + β₄X²₂, where X₁ plate temperature °F. X₂ equivalence ratio. β's constants. 4. Luminous flame zone thickness is a function of fuel type only. Propylene exhibits a greater flame zone thickness than propane. 5. Hydrocarbon disappearance point is a function of equivalence ratio and plate temperature. Its response may be expressed in the function form Y = β₀ + β₁X₁ + β₂X²₁ +β3X²₂ where, X₁ plate temperature °F. X₂ equivalence ratio. β's constants. 6. Oxides of nitrogen concentration is a function of fuel type, equivalence ratio, plate temperature, and sampling position. Several significant interaction terms are also present. In order to examine the true fuel structure effect, the predominant covariant flame temperature effect must be removed. One-dimensional flame equations were applied to the experimental data. Sample calculations indicate that the presence of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations at the surface of the burner cannot be completely attributed to diffusion processes. Therefore, one must conclude that chemical reaction takes place within the dead space.
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