Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Selective control of volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell.) in new seedlings of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim

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  • Volunteer winter wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Daws') severely suppressed growth of fall-planted alfalfa (Medicago sativa (L.) 'Vernal') seedlings. Wheat competition began soon after alfalfa emerged and continued until the first forage harvest the following May. Alfalfa yield at the first cutting was reduced by 1% for each day volunteer wheat was allowed to grow within the period of 20 to 41 days after planting. When the wheat remained until harvest, alfalfa yield was reduced by 85%. Fluazifop-butyl (+) -butyl 2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 2- pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoate and sethoxydim 2- (1- (ethoxyimino)butyl] 5- [2- (ethylthio)propyl] -3-hydroxy- 2-cyclohexen-l-one at rates as high as 3.2 kg/ha (plus phytobland oil at 2.3 L/ha) did not injure the alfalfa or reduce the yield of alfalfa hay when applied at any stage of growth from the unifoliate to the fully developed stages. Control of wheat was better when fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim were applied in the fall than in the summer. Both herbicides controlled wheat slightly better when applied in the one- to five- tiller stages than at earlier or later stages of growth. In general, fluazifop-butyl was more effective than sethoxydim when applied at any given rate. Under favorable conditions, rates of fluazifop-butyl and sethoxydim as low as 0.12 and 0.18 kg/ha, respectively, killed wheat. Wheat growth was suppressed at even lower rates. However, higher rates (0.2 and 0.4 kg/ha of fluazifop- butyl and sethoxydim, respectively) were required to provide a long term effect under a broad range of conditions. The activity of fluazifop-butyl applied at the twotiller stage of wheat took place mainly through foliar rather than root exposure. Fluazifop-butyl at 0.2 kg/ha killed wheat regardless of the soil moisture content (8% vs 15%). The activity of fluazifop-butyl at 0.12, 0.18, and 0.24 kg/ha on wheat was severely reduced when combined with the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB [4- (2,4- dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] at 1.8 kg/ha, but the antagonism was overcome by increasing the rate of the grass killer to 0.36 kg/ha.
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