Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Zoogeography of pelagic shrimps (Natantia: Penaeidea and Caridea) in the North Pacific Ocean

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  • A study was done on the zoogeography of species of oceanic shrimp in the North Pacific from 22°N to 56°N and from 124°W to 145°E, using samples of shrimp collected from 1954 to 1969. These collections were made during the following cruises: John R. Manning Cruise 22, and the Hugh M. Smith Cruises 27 and 30 of the Pacific Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (POFI), the SICS-PAC and YALOC 66 cruises of the R/V Yaquina of the Department of Oceanography, Oregon State University, and the first trans-Pacific cruise of the C.N.A.V. Endeavour of the Pacific Oceanographic Group, Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Taxonomic keys were constructed to the sections, families, genera and species of shrimps taken in the samples. A restricted synonomy, a brief diagnosis, and a short note on general distribution of each shrimp was also given. Forty-one species of pelagic shrimps representing thirteen genera and five families were identified. There were 25 species of Penaeidea and 16 Caridea. The Sergestidae were most numerous, both in numbers of species (16) and in number of specimens (7017); the Oplophoridae were next in abundance with 11 species and 1111 specimens. Sergestes similis, Hymenodora frontalis, and H. glacialis together contributed over 90% of the total catch, with Sergestes similis making up the bulk, Thirty-five species each made up less than 1% of the total. Sixteen species were either recorded from the Pacific for the first time or had their Pacific ranges further extended as a result of this study, The zoogeography of the shrimps was discussed in relation to the physico-chemically defined water masses of the study area and the biological factors associated with water masses. It was concluded that the distributions of oceanic shrimps were in general agreement with previous studies of this sort done in the Pacific with other groups of animals. Most of the species do not follow the boundaries of the physico-chemically defined water masses, but tend to either overlap boundaries or to localize within one water mass. Four groups of species were distinguished: a Subarctic-Transitional group of 12 species inhabiting waters having a fairly high level of primary productivity, a Transitional group of three species inhabiting mixed waters between the Subarctic and Central water masses, a Central-Transitional group of nine species inhabiting the relatively unproductive Central waters, but also extending into the somewhat richer Transitional waters marginal to the Central waters, and a Central group consisting of 16 species whose ranges follow closely the more barren mid-parts of the Central water masses. Lastly, a brief discussion of the supposed importance of water mass boundaries to speciation of oceanic animals was presented.
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