Practical hydrostatic ocean models are often restricted to statically stable configurations by the use of a convective adjustment. A common way to do this is to assign an infinite boat conductivity to the water at a give ...

The generalized inverse is constructed for a nonlinear, single-layer quasigeostrophic model, together with initial conditions and a finite number of interior data. With the exception of doubly Periodic boundary condition ...

The investigation of the consequences of trying to blend tropical Pacific observations from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) array into the dynamical framework of an intermediate coupled ocean–atmosphere model is cont ...

When averaging the equations of motion, thermodynamics, and scalar conservation over turbulent fluctuations, we perform the process in several stages. First, an average is taken over the microscopic scales of turbulence, ...

The time-averaged velocity field in the North Pacific was estimated in two sets of inverse calculations. The planetary geostrophic equations were the basis for dynamical models of the flow in each case. The inverse est ...

An analysis of variational data assimilation schemes for linear dynamical forecast models shows that the penalty functional must include an explicit contribution from the initial conditions in order to ensure a unique, l ...