http://hdl.handle.net/1957/1317 2013-05-16T10:16:06Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38570 Estimating minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) boing sound density using passive acoustic sensors Martin, Stephen W.; Marques, Tiago A.; Thomas, Len; Morrissey, Ronald P.; DiMarzio, Nancy; Moretti, David; Mellinger, David K.; Jarvis, Susan Density estimation for marine mammal species is performed primarily using visual distance sampling or capture-recapture. Minke whales in Hawaiian waters are very difficult to sight; however, they produce a distinctive “boing” call, making them ideal candidates for passive acoustic density estimation. We used an array of 14 bottom-mounted hydrophones, distributed over a 60 × 30 km area off Kauai, Hawaii, to estimate density during 12 d of recordings in early 2006.We converted the number of acoustic cues (i.e., boings) detected using signal processing software into a cue density by accounting for the false positive rate and probability of detection. The former was estimated by manual validation, the latter by applying spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) methods to a subset of data where we had determined which hydrophones detected each call. Estimated boing density was 130 boings per hour per 10,000 km² (95% CI 104–163). Little is known about the population’s acoustic behavior, so conversion from boing to animal density is difficult. As a demonstration of the method, we used a tentative boing rate of 6.04 boings per hour, from a single animal tracked in 2009, to give an estimate of 21.5 boing-calling minke whales per 10,000 km². To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society for Marine Mammalogy and can be found at: http://www.marinemammalscience.org/. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38454 Divergent life-history races do not represent Chinook salmon coast-wide: the importance of scale in Quaternary biogeography Moran, Paul; Teel, David J.; Banks, Michael A.; Beacham, Terry D.; Bellinger, M. Renee; Blankenship, Scott M.; Candy, John R.; Garza, John Carlos; Hess, Jon E.; Narum, Shawn R.; Seeb, Lisa W.; Templin, William D.; Wallace, Colin G.; Smith, Christian T. The dynamic Quaternary geology of the Pacific Ring of Fire created substantial challenges for biogeography. Fish life history and population genetic variation were shaped by climate change, repeated formation and subsidence of ice sheets, sea-level change, volcanism and tectonics, isostatic rebound, and now human activities. It is widely recognized in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that parallel evolution and phenotypic plasticity have obscured range-wide patterns of life-history segregation with evolutionary lineage, yet the idea of the lineages themselves persists. We employed a large, internationally standardized, microsatellite data set to explore population structure at coast-wide scale and test for two divergent lineages, whether or not related to life history. We found at least 27 distinct lineages. However, relationships among groups were poorly resolved - essentially a star phylogeny. We found pervasive isolation by distance among groups, complicating cluster analysis. Only in the interior Columbia River (east of the Cascade Mountains) is there a deep genetic bifurcation that supports both the two-lineage hypothesis and the life-history segregation hypothesis. This broad-scale perspective helps reconcile different views of Chinook salmon phylogeography and life-history distribution. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/. 2013-03-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38440 Spatially explicit detection of predation on individual pinnipeds from implanted post-mortem satellite data transmitters Horning, Markus; Mellish, Jo-Ann E. To directly determine mortality and predation in the endangered western Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus, we deployed implanted, satellite-linked post-mortem data transmitters in 21 juveniles. Data recovered from 4 of 5 detected mortalities exhibited precipitous drops in ambient temperatures followed by immediate onset of transmissions (N = 3), or gradual cooling and delayed transmissions (N = 1). Precipitous drop data sets were classified as acute death at sea by trauma. A model to estimate algor mortis (body cooling) as a function of mass and ambient conditions was validated through simulations on 4 carcasses. Model outputs suggest that cooling rate masses can be qualitatively distinguished if well outside the prediction uncertainties. The observed gradual cooling rate was best described by a modeled mass one-sixth the animal’s mass at release, supporting the classification of the fourth event as acute death at sea by trauma. This suggests that at least 4 in 5 detected mortalities likely represent acute deaths at sea, probably due to predation. We conclude that precipitous drop events with immediate transmissions can be classified as acute death likely by predation, but gradual cooling events with delayed transmission should be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. In 3 cases that provided both ante-mortem and post-mortem locations from external and implanted transmitters, respectively, these differed by less than 17 km, illustrating that this technique provides spatially explicit data of predation on individual sea lions. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Inter-Research and can be found at: http://www.int-res.com/journals/esr/esr-home/. The author has paid this publisher's Open Access fee. 2009-09-10T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38297 Cold frontinducedchangesontheFloridapanhandleshelf during October2008 Kamykowski, D.; Morrison, J.M.; McCulloch, A.A.; Nyadjro, E.S.; Thomas, C.A.; Sinclair, G.A.; Grabowski Pridgen, K. See Article for Abstract. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. 2013-01-16T00:00:00Z