http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8330 2013-05-21T15:13:05Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20881 Spatial and temporal changes of sage grouse habitat in the sagebrush biome Miller, Richard F.; Eddleman, Lee; Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Published April 2000. Reviewed January 2012. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Service Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog; 2000-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15143 Biology, ecology, and management of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Miller, Richard F.; Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station T he rapid expansion of western juniper into neighboring plant communities during the past 130 years has caused considerable concern because of increased soil erosion, reduced stream flows; reduced forage production; altered wildlife habitat; changes in plant community composition, structure, and biodiversity; and the replacement of mesic and semi-arid plant communities with woodlands. However, the impacts of postsettlement woodland expansion are not always clear or consistent across sites and have led to debate and legal challenges over control projects and management plans for western juniper. This publication represents a synthesis of what is known about the history, biology, ecology, and management of western juniper. Western juniper occupies 9 million acres in central and eastern Oregon, northeastern California, southwestern Idaho, and northwestern Nevada, and occurs in a few outlying stands in southern Washington. Presettlement changes in woodland abundance and distribution are largely attributed to long-term changes in temperature, amounts and distribution of precipitation, and the extent and return intervals of fire. Evidence supporting rapid post-settlement expansion is derived from old surveys, photographs, the distribution of relict presettlement woodlands, and tree-ring chronologies. Published June 2005. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog 2005-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/12589 Strawberry breeding and evaluation for mechanical harvesting Lawrence, F. J. (Francis J.); Martin, Lloyd W.; Varseveld, G. W. (George Wallace) Strawberry seedlings and clones were evaluated in the held for crop concentration, harvest ease, and ease of capping. Laboratory post-harvest studies were made of quality retention in these seedlings and clones. Progress has been made in all these categories toward machine harvest. Inheritance patterns for crop concentration show that early-season parents, such as 'Sunrise', provided seed1ing populations with crop concentration, Semi-erect fruiting habits could be obtained from parents of the erect habit, such as 'Hood', 'OR-US 2785', and 'OR-US 2993'. A lack of fruit firmness appeared to be related to ease of capping, but a reflexed calyx did not. Many clones had total yields greater than 'Northwest,' the standard commercial cultivar, and crop concentration measured by the total amount of fruit ripe at any one harvest also was greater than that of 'Northwest.' Performance of OR-US clones varied widely on a fruit destemming machine called the "OSU stemmer." When fruit was obtained from a once-over harvest, five OR-US selections had distinctly greater amounts of usable fruit after capping than did the commercial cultivars Hood and Northwest. Frozen s1iced samples ol mechanically harvested ripe fruit of six OR-US selections rated "good" were comparable to hand-harvested 'Northwest' and superior to machit ,e-harvested 'hood'. Penetrometer measurements taken on the fresh fruit may be useful for predicting textural breakdown in frozen strawberries. Key words: strawberry, Fragaria, mechanization, harvest, postharvest, breeding, yield, crop concentration, berry, quality, processing, texture, genetics, capping, calyx. Published May 1975. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog 1975-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11424 Overstory-understory grass seedings on sagebrush-bunchgrass range Hedrick, Donald W. "Crested wheatgrass, beardless wheatgrass, and big bluegrass were seeded as overstory grasses. Streambank wheatgrass, canby bluegrass, bulbous bluegrass, and Ladak alfalfa were seeded as companion species. Pure and mixed stands were seeded on sagebrush-bunchgrass range in eastern Oregon to compare yield and competitiveness. The grasses were planted in 1956, 1957, and 1958, and half of each plot was fertilized with ammonium nitrate at 20 or 30 pounds of N per acre. The plots were evaluated for seeding success, herbage production, weed production, and brush establishment in four consecutive years after planting. Yields of overstory grasses in pure stands exceeded those in mixed stands. Nitrogen fertilization increased yields about 45% but did not increase seeding success on f allowed or burned seedbeds or alter greatly either competitive status or plant composition. Relative yields of individuals in mixed stands (yields expressed in percent of that in a pure stand) were computed to indicate competitive status and compatibility. Crested wheatgrass was highly competitive, producing 90% with canby bluegrass and 82% with streambank wheatgrass. Beardless wheatgrass and big bluegrass were about equally, but weakly to moderately, competitive, and were suppressed considerably more by streanibank wheatgrass than by canby bluegrass. The sums of relative yields in mixed stands were near 100, indicating essentially direct competition, except for the mixture of beardless wheatgrass and canby bluegrass. In this case, the sum of relative yields averaged 120%, indicating reasonable compatibility that improved with age of the stands. Crested wheatgrass in either pure or mixed stands practically eliminated all herbaceous weeds in the second growing season. All grasses except bulbous and canby bluegrass provided effective weed control by the fourth growing season. Crested and streambank wheatgrasses, and mixtures including them, permitted the establishment of fewer brush than other species. Beardless wheatgrass was least effective in resfricting brush establishment. Brush became established in the seeding years in greater numbers than in any single year thereafter, but the counts in the fourth year were about twice that in the first year. Except on plots seeded to crested wheatgrass, there was no appreciable mortality of established brush seedlings. All seedings restricted brush establishment when compared to unseeded plots. Big bluegrass was continually and severely suppressed by companion understory grasses and should be planted in pure stands. Un-i derstory grasses with crested wheatgrass offered little advantage or disadvantage, and would likely incur a small economic loss. Beardless wheatgrass and canby bluegrass were reasonably compatible and provided a mixed stand that could be recommended as preferable to beardless wheatgrass in a pure stand. In areas of coarse-textured soils where gray rabbitbrush is a problem, a closer row spacing of crested wheatgrass would likely provide maximum resistance to brush establishment."--Summary Published December 1964. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog 1964-12-24T00:00:00Z