http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28635 Sat, 18 May 2013 13:42:34 GMT 2013-05-18T13:42:34Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38611 Gender Differences in Behavioral Regulation in Four Societies: The U.S., Taiwan, South Korea, and China Shannon B. Wanless; Megan M. McClelland; Xuezhao Lan; Seung-Hee Son; Claire E. Cameron; Frederick J. Morrison; Fu-Mei Chen; Jo-Lin Chen; Su Li; Kangyi Lee; Miyoung Sung The current study investigates gender differences in behavioral regulation in four societies: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China. Directly assessed individual behavioral regulation(Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders, HTKS), teacher-rated classroom behavioral regulation (Child Behavior Rating Scale, CBRS) and a battery of school readiness assessments (mathematics, vocabulary, and early literacy) were used with 814 young children (ages 3–6 years). Results showed that girls in the United States had significantly higher individual behavioral regulation than boys, but there were no significant gender differences in any Asian societies. In contrast, teachers in Taiwan, South Korea, as well as the United States rated girls as significantly higher than boys on classroom behavioral regulation. In addition, for both genders, individual and classroom behavioral regulation were related to many aspects of school readiness in all societies for girls and boys. Universal and culturally specific findings and their implications are discussed. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript. The version of record is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found here: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/early-childhood-research-quarterly/ Tue, 02 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38611 2013-04-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38348 Age at disability onset and self-reported health status Jamoom, Eric W.; Horner-Johnson, Willi; Suzuki, Rie; Andresen, Elena M.; Campbell, Vincent A.; Beatty, Phillip; Cardinal, Brad; Drum, Charles; Fujiura, Glenn; Hall, Trevor; Krahn, Gloria; Nosek, Margaret A. Background: The critical importance of improving the well-being of people with disabilities is highlighted in many national health plans. Self-reported health status is reduced both with age and among people with disabilities. Because both factors are related to health status and the influence of the age at disability onset on health status is unclear, we examined the relationship between disability onset and health status. Methods: The U.S. 1998–2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system (BRFSS) provided data on 11,905 adults with disability. Bivariate logistic regression analysis modeled the relationship between age at disability onset (based on self-report of duration of disability) and fair/poor self-perceived health status, adjusting for confounding variables. Results: Key variables included demographics and other measures related to disability and general health status. Disability onset after 21 years of age showed significant association with greater prevalence of fair/poor health compared to early disability onset, even adjusting for current age and other demographic covariates. Compared with younger onset, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) were ages 22–44: OR 1.52, ages 45–64: OR 1.67, and age ≥65: OR 1.53. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study provides population-level, generalizable evidence of increased fair or poor health in people with later onset disability compared to those with disability onset prior to the age of 21 years. This finding suggests that examining the general health of people with and those without disabilities might mask differences associated with onset, potentially relating to differences in experience and self-perception. Future research relating to global health status and disability should consider incorporating age at disability onset. In addition, research should examine possible differences in the relationship between age at onset and self-reported health within specific impairment groups. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by BioMed Central Ltd. and can be found at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38348 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38347 The Mediating Role of Intention and Stages of Change in Physical Activity Among Adults with Physical Disabilities: An Integrative Framework Kosma, Maria; Ellis, Rebecca; Cardinal, Bradley J.; Bauer, Jeremy J.; McCubbin, Jeffrey A. The study’s purpose was to identify the mediating role of intention and the stages of change (SOC) in physical activity (PA) over a 6-month period using two models (Theory of Planned Behavior [TPB] and TPB/SOC). Participants were 143 adults with physical disabilities (70.68% response rate; M age = 46.03). The TPB constructs, SOC (time 1), and PA (time 2) were assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires. Based on path analyses, attitude had the highest effect on intention and SOC followed by perceived behavioral control within both well-fit models. The variance in PA explained by the first (TPB) and second (TPB/SOC) models was 16% and 28% respectively. In the just identified model of TPB/SOC, the direct effect of SOC on physical activity remained strong (γ[subscript soc·pa] = .45) and SOC approached full mediation through attitude. Health promotion interventions need to include both intention and behavior elements (SOC) reinforcing increased PA value and barrier elimination. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Human Kinetics, Inc. and can be found at: http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsep. Thu, 01 Feb 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38347 2007-02-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38346 Application of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change to Preadolescents' Physical Activity and Exercise Behavior Cardinal, Bradley J.; Engels, Hermann-J.; Zhu, Weimo The Transtheoretical Model of behavior change was applied to a sample of 669 preadolescents (M age = 8.2) to determine whether stages of exercise could be observed. Associations between stage of exercise classification and demographic, fitness, and cognitive variables were examined. Stage of exercise classifications, on the basis of the Children's Stage of Exercise Algorithm, were as follows: maintenance (50.8%), action (36.5%), preparation (3.1%), contemplation (4.9%), and precontemplation (4.6%). Stage of exercise was significantly related to gender, age, and grade level. Controlling for these differences, the relationship between exercise beliefs and stage of exercise was significant. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Human Kinetics, Inc. and can be found at: http://journals.humankinetics.com/pes. Sun, 01 Feb 1998 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38346 1998-02-01T00:00:00Z