http://hdl.handle.net/1957/4128 Sat, 15 Jun 2013 11:41:33 GMT 2013-06-15T11:41:33Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/39175 Sovereignty Under Arrest? Public Law 280 and its Discontents Cline, Sarah N. Law enforcement in Indian Country has been characterized as a “maze of injustice”—one in which offenders too easily escape and victims are too easily lost (Amnesty International, 2007). Tribal, state, and federal governments have recently sought to amend this through the passage of the Tribal Law and Order Act (TLOA) in 2010 and the expansion of cross-deputization agreements. Positioning itself amid these developments, this study seeks to determine the administrative impact of Public Law 280 (P.L. 280), which creates a concurrent jurisdictional regime between states and tribes. Taking a mixed-methodological approach, the law’s effect on the sovereignty and resource capacity of tribal justice systems is first analyzed using existing data for 162 American Indian reservations. Through a series of logistic regressions, hypotheses are tested to determine whether a statistically significant difference emerges between policy treatments under P.L. 280. This quantitative analysis is then grounded in a case study of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, who are unique for their 1981 retrocession of criminal jurisdiction in the mandatory P.L. 280 state of Oregon. Both content analysis of archival records and semi-structured interviews with tribal, state, and federal public officials shed light on experiences of the criminal justice system before, during, and after P.L. 280. This research contributes to the overarching objectives of TLOA, which seek to locate best practices and administrative models in reducing crime and victimization on reservations. Graduation date: 2013 Mon, 20 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/39175 2013-05-20T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/39018 Organizational Shifts Within the U.S. Forest Service: A Case Study of Senior Willamette National Forest Employees Bolick, Zachary L. The U.S. Forest Service has been forced to adapt to numerous changes over the last three decades. These include a dramatic reduction in workforce, a declining budget, and controversial lawsuits. Moreover, recent agency wide studies suggest that within the Forest Service a new resource management paradigm has emerged that differs greatly from its previously timber dominated one. This study compliments previous research about the Forest Service by using semi-structured interviews with senior Willamette National Forest staff to examine the perceived organizational changes that have occurred within this specific forest during the last thirty years. Interviewee’s answers are analyzed and coded using Mintzberg’s and Westley’s framework for organizational change. The results of this study suggest that in the last three decades the Willamette National Forest has been challenged to address a number of internal and external forces by becoming smaller, more collaborative, and diverse. Likewise, responses suggest that the Willamette Forest is currently within a transition stage of change and continues to search for its organizational identity. Graduation date: 2013 Fri, 24 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/39018 2013-05-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38905 Institutional Path Dependence in NASA’s Human Spaceflight Program: A Case Study of Technological Evolution and Persistence Waddell, Trevor W. Despite extensive research on the historical and technical aspects of national space policy, little has attempted to understand the links between technological evolution in NASA’s spaceflight program in relation to its administrative, political and economic context. This essay explores these connections in the development and evolution of core systems in NASA’s Project Constellation (2004-2010) and subsequent program, the Space Launch System (2010-2013). Through the lens of path dependence and critical juncture framework, this historical study aims to identify the specific mechanisms and rigidities that played a critical role in shaping the technological and program outcomes of the programs. The framework reveals that path dependent dynamics have contributed to the persistence of Shuttle derived technologies in Project Constellation and its evolution to the Space Launch System. That policy and technology are driven in part by self-reinforcing effects suggests the need for these processes to be uncoupled or otherwise addressed through reflection and assumption surfacing in order to prioritize technological advancement and program sustainability. Graduation date: 2013 Tue, 21 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38905 2013-05-21T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38870 A Comparison of the Preferred Role of Science and Scientists in the Marine and Terrestrial Policy Process Kloepfer, Daniel H. The role of science in marine policy, and environmental policy in general, is a debated topic. Currently, there is an increasing desire for transparent and participatory democracy that involves more input from local residents and other non-experts. These demands often conflict with the increasing complexity of problems and the real or perceived mandate to use the “best available science” in policymaking. There have been few attempts to incorporate scientists’ input into marine policymaking in the United States, while around the world we have seen scientific information used in marine policymaking at a higher rate. We have also witnessed a shift in the acceptance of science and scientist involvement in terrestrial policymaking. The literature suggests there are barriers that must be overcome in order to involve science and scientists in marine policymaking, including collaboration and engagement with policymakers who have different agendas than scientists. In order to better understand these differences in how science and scientists are being integrated into marine and terrestrial policymaking, I analyzed and compared two surveys that asked managers, scientists, and other stakeholders their beliefs regarding the role of science and scientists in (1) terrestrial and (2) marine policy. I hypothesized that there was a significant difference between the preferred role of scientists in terrestrial and marine policy among all groups surveyed. After analysis, we found no significant differences between the two studies and their preferred role of scientists in terrestrial and marine policymaking. Graduation date: 2013 Mon, 20 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38870 2013-05-20T00:00:00Z