http://http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu:80/xmlui The ScholarsArchive@OSU digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Mon, 20 May 2013 01:07:34 GMT 2013-05-20T01:07:34Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38612 Food Fight: The Effect of Food Availability on the Probability of Violent Conflict Onset Olson, Jarrod In the past decade, scholars have increasingly turned to quantitative analysis to understand the complex interplay of factors driving intrastate conflict. International agencies, nonprofits and governments have maintained that food insecurity is a significant driver of violent conflict. This paper tests this popular assumption with a model drawn from Azar’s Theory of Protracted Social Conflict and a fixed effects logistic regression and finds that food availability has no significant effect on the probability of violent civil conflict onset. However, other factors such as a country’s level of integration into the international system of states and economic growth are likely to be more effective at maintaining global stability. The policy implications are that efforts to promote peace can be more effective by focusing on integration into the world community and economic growth than by focusing exclusively on food availability. Graduation date: 2013 Sat, 04 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38612 2013-05-04T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38611 Gender Differences in Behavioral Regulation in Four Societies: The U.S., Taiwan, South Korea, and China Shannon B. Wanless; Megan M. McClelland; Xuezhao Lan; Seung-Hee Son; Claire E. Cameron; Frederick J. Morrison; Fu-Mei Chen; Jo-Lin Chen; Su Li; Kangyi Lee; Miyoung Sung The current study investigates gender differences in behavioral regulation in four societies: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China. Directly assessed individual behavioral regulation(Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders, HTKS), teacher-rated classroom behavioral regulation (Child Behavior Rating Scale, CBRS) and a battery of school readiness assessments (mathematics, vocabulary, and early literacy) were used with 814 young children (ages 3–6 years). Results showed that girls in the United States had significantly higher individual behavioral regulation than boys, but there were no significant gender differences in any Asian societies. In contrast, teachers in Taiwan, South Korea, as well as the United States rated girls as significantly higher than boys on classroom behavioral regulation. In addition, for both genders, individual and classroom behavioral regulation were related to many aspects of school readiness in all societies for girls and boys. Universal and culturally specific findings and their implications are discussed. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript. The version of record is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found here: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/early-childhood-research-quarterly/ Tue, 02 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38611 2013-04-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38610 Optimal targeting of seasonal influenza vaccination toward younger ages isrobust to parameter uncertainty Martial L. Ndeffo Mbah; Jan Medlock; Lauren Ancel Meyers; Alison P. Galvani; Jeffrey P. Townsend Identification of the optimal vaccine allocation for the control of influenza requires consideration of uncertainty arising from numerous unpredictable factors, including viral evolution and diversity within the human population’s immunity as well as variation in vaccine efficacy. The best policy must account for diverse potential outcomes based on these uncertainties. Here we used a mathematical model parametrized with survey-based contact data, demographic, and epidemiological data from seasonal influenza in the United States to determine the optimal vaccine allocation for five outcome measures:infections, hospitalizations, deaths, years of life loss, and contingent valuation. We incorporated uncertainty of epidemiological parameters and derive probability distributions of optimal age- and risk-specific allocation of vaccine. Our analysis demonstrated that previous recommendations of targeting schoolchildren (ages 5–17 years) and young adults (18–44 years) are generally robust in the face of uncertainty.However, when the outcome measure is to minimize deaths, years of life loss, or contingent valuation, uncertainty analysis identified scenarios under which it is optimal to target people at high risk for complications, even when vaccine are in abundance. This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript. The version of record is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found here: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/vaccine/ Wed, 24 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38610 2013-04-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38609 The "Stylish Battle" World War II and clothing design restrictions in Los Angeles Hannon, Laura Bellew This dissertation explores the wartime fashion culture of the city of Los Angeles during the Second World War in order to explore consumption-based tensions that emerged in response to federal restrictions for the purpose of conservation. The War Production Board's General Limitation Order L-85 took decisions over the measurements of clothing (i.e. hem width or sleeve length), the presence of embellishments (i.e. pockets or dolman sleeves), and the general silhouette of fashion (i.e. relative skirt fullness) out of the hands of fashion designers. Through L-85, the fashion industry, an industry once famous for the principle of planned obsolesce, was transformed for the duration of the war into an "effective mechanism" of war that could satisfy the dual needs of the military and civilians. Even more so, through their use of patriotic marketing strategies, L-85 potentially helped consumers first articulate, and later demonstrate, their acknowledgement of the war effort. By purchasing streamlined, simplified fashions, female consumers, in the words of fashion designer Gilbert Adrian, could "register taste without extravagance," and thus potentially participate in a communal performance of patriotism. Access restricted to the OSU Community Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38609 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z