Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Patterns of genetic variation within and among breeding zones of Douglas-fir in southwest Oregon

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  • Three hundred fifty families from 11 breeding zones in southwest Oregon were grown in a common garden in Corvallis, Oregon, and patterns of genetic variation for seed weight and six first-year seedling characteristics were described. For most characteristics, large differences among breeding zones were found along an east-west transect, with small differences associated with changes in latitude. Consistent trends with elevation were apparent only for date of budset, the proportion of seedlings damaged by frost and seed weight. Most patterns of variation for seedling characteristics appear to be associated with climatic variables of the source locations, particularly annual precipitation. Total height, epicotyl length, number of branches, date of budset (weeks after July 1), and the proportion of seedlings damaged by frost increased with an increase in moisture, i.e. were greatest in breeding zones near the coast and at higher latitudes. Seed weight and the frequency of second flushing decreased with increasing moisture availability; i.e., parent trees from dry, particularly low elevation, inland areas produced heavier seed and seedlings which second flushed more frequently. Date of budset and the proportion of seedlings damaged by frost appear to be influenced by winter temperatures, as they were found to decrease with increasing elevation. The proportion of variation among the 350 families due to differences among families within zones was high for all seedling traits (mean 41.1 percent) and generally of similar magnitude to variation observed among breeding units (mean 43.8 percent). Variation among breeding zones (elevations) within breeding units was high only for date of budset (29.1 percent) and frost damage (33.0 percent) (mean 10.8 percent for seedling traits).
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