Abstract:
Archaeological sites located on the western flanks
of the centra1 Oregon Cascades are often characterized
by the lack of temporally diagnostic artifacts and materials
suitable for radiocarbon dating. Consequently, the
temporal context of these sites remains largely unknown.
Various researchers also have suggested that these open-air
lithic sites have been adversely affected by various
pedoturbative processes active in the densely forested
environment, effectively negating the value of the depositional
context of the sites.
The research reported herein represents an attempt
to empirically test the stratigraphic integrity of selected
lithic sites through application of obsidian hydration
data, and complimentary X-Ray Flouresence (XRF)
chemical characterization. Concurrently, the data are
applied to the evaluation of the temporal context of the
sites, especially in terms of identifying single vs.
multiple components.
Results of these analyses have provided new information
regarding obsidian source utilization in this
area, the stratigraphic value of open lithic sites, and
the potential for developing a temporal framework for
sites in this area. Obsidian Cliffs has been identified
as the dominant source of artifactual obsidian in these
sites. Hydration data indicate that the stratigraphy of
most of the study sites have been mixed as a result of
natural processes occurring in the forest environment.
Tentative interpretation of each site's occupational
history is also offered. Success in application of obsidian
hydration data as a tool for relative dating has
been demonstrated, and the development of a local hydration
data base has been initiated. Recommendations for
the advancement of obsidian studies in this area are
also proposed.
