Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Effects of information on users' normative standards, perceived conflict, and depreciative behavior at campgrounds of Chiri-Mountain National Park, Korea

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  • The normative concept in social-psychology has been applied to major recreational management issues such as determining evaluative standards, user conflict, and depreciative behaviors. This thesis examines the influence of information on user norms for the purpose of finding better applications of information as problem solving, management tools. The study used data collected at campgrounds in Chin-Mountain National Park, Korea, in 1993 and 1994. To develop evaluative standards, high degrees of norm agreement and norm prevalence among users are necessary. Data analysis showed that a high proportion of users could specify norms for various types of impacts and that impact importance was related to norm prevalence. There were generally differences in social norms and norm agreement across locations. Social norms for the selected impact indicators were stable across time periods (one-year). It was found that information could converge social norms to correspond to given information. Contrary to the hypothesis, however, information didn't increase the degree of norm agreement for or perceived importance of an impact. Information didn't directly change types of norms or user expectations, and didn't reduce subsequent perceived conflict. This study supported the notion that perceived conflict occurs when norms, expectations, and recreation motives are interfered with by others' incompatible behaviors. Norm-interference was a better predictor of perceived conflict than was recreation motive or expectation-interference. Information (based on Schwartz's norm activation theory) didn't directly increase the degree of awareness of consequences (AC), ascription of responsibility (AR), or personal norms, and didn't decrease norm/rule violating behavior. Users who rated high in both AC and AR, or who had a high degree of personal norms (moral obligation), had less tendency to violate the rule for quiet time at a campground. Implications of these findings and recommendations for further research are discussed
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