Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Experimental and finite-element analysis of stress distributions near the end of reinforcement in partially reinforced glulam

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  • Recently, fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP lamina) have been applied to glued-laminated (glulam) timber for the purpose of improving bending strength and stiffness. Initially, full length reinforcement using FRP lamina was developed. However, the cost of FRP lamina is a significant portion of the total cost of reinforced glulam. Therefore, it is advantageous to use reinforcement in high-moment areas of a beam. A glulam beam reinforced over less than the full length is referred to as "partially reinforced glulam." The understanding of in-service FRP lamina-wood interactions is limited. While stress distributions in full-length reinforced beams have been studied, there is a lack of information regarding stress distributions at the end of reinforcement in partially reinforced glulam beams. Interfaces and joints in composites are known to be areas of stress concentrations and failure initiation. The research conducted in this study investigates the stress distribution at the end of tensile FRP reinforcement experimentally and analytically. Experimental analysis of stress distributions was performed on several partially reinforced glulam beams. Strain gage analysis was used to measure axial strain (along beam length) near the end of the FRP lamina. The analysis indicated that strain (or stress) just past the end of the FRP lamina is higher than elementary beam theory predicts. Finite-element modeling was used to model partially reinforced glulam to investigate potential effects on stress components imposed by alternative geometries, loadings, and materials. Specifically, the effects on stress distribution due to FRP lamina thickness, FRP lamina stiffness, beam width, percent length of reinforcement, span-to-depth ratio and type of loading were investigated. A three-dimensional structural solid element was used to model wood and the FRP lamina in linear elastic analysis. Failure loads and mechanisms were beyond the scope of this thesis. Most stress distributions were found to be singular at the end of reinforcement. In order to quantify the magnitude of each stress, average stress near the end of the FRP lamina was calculated. The models suggest that FRP lamina thickness and stiffness have significant effects on the magnitude of stress components near the end of the FRP lamina was calculated.
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