Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

An anatomical study of the needles and hypocotyls of Douglas-fir seedlings grown under various environments

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  • Two seed sources of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown under several environments in controlled growth chambers and in a natural environment. All seedlings were grown for six months and then harvested. One purpose of this study was to observe environmental influences on the anatomy of the needle. It was found that the natural-grown seedlings had a thicker needle than those grown under any treatment. This additional thickness was composed of an additional row of palisade cells and typically longer cells in comparison with those needles formed under low light intensity with various combinations of photoperiod and thermoperiod, and larger palisade cells than those needles formed under high light intensity and various combinations of photoperiod and thermoperiod. The upper cuticle of those needles formed under a natural environnient was not larger than that formed under high light but had twice the thickness of those cuticles formed under low light. In the controlled environment, photoperiod, besides light intensity, increased the length of the cells in the mesophyll. The thickness of the cuticle was directly effected by light intensity. The second purpose of this study is to observe the environmental influences on the anatomy of the hypocotyl. The number of tracheid cells increased with the longer photoperiod, warmer night temperature, and lower light intensity. The size of the hypocotyl was directly related to photoperiod and night temperature. There was a difference between seed sources in the thickness of the tracheid cell wall and lumen diameter but not for tracheid diameter. The lower elevation seed source had a larger cell wall but smaller lumen diameter. Tracheid cell wall thickness was directly related to light intensity and tracheid diameter to photoperiod. There were various combinations of treatment interactions in the analysis of the cell wall, lumen diameter and tracheid diameter. The difference in tracheid length could not be correlated with the treatments.
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