Effective heat transfer coefficients and mass transfer rates were determined at varying compositions of steam with 1.5% by weight volatile oils entrained in an air flow. The mixture of volatile oils is comprised of 50% m ...

We propose a novel, accurate quantification of precipitation and evaporation, as needed to understand fundamental hydrologic processes. Our system uses a collection vessel placed on top of a slender rod that is securely ...

Snowpack base temperatures vary during accumulation and diurnally. Their measurement provides insight into physical, biological and chemical processes occurring at the snow/soil interface. Recent advances in Raman-spec ...

An accurate assessment of leaching losses in the vadose zone requires measurement of both solute and water flux to compute flux concentrations (C[subscript F]). Leachate collected at a depth of 1.2 m in 32 passive capill ...

Measurement of soil hydraulic retention and conduction parameters using tension infiltrometers has been found to be useful but has suffered from unreliable instrument membranes at the soil interface and the need for manu ...

A method for measuring whole-tree interception of precipitation is presented which employs mechanical displacement sensors to measure trunk compression caused by the water captured by the tree. This direct and nondestruc ...

Water vapor transport in the vicinity of imbibing saline solutions was investigated in two-dimensional (2-D) chambers using a light transmission technique. Concentrated NaNO3 solutions (brines) were applied as point sour ...