The bacteriophage receptor of lactococci was found on the cell walls. A carbohydrate analysis of the cell walls from phage-resistant mutants of L. lactis subsp. cremoris KR with reductions in phage binding indicated t ...

Most pathogens gain access to their host through mucosal surfaces. It is therefore desirable to develop mucosal vaccines that elicit an immune response to prevent this crucial first step in infection. Current mucosal v ...