Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Boron nutrition and fruit set of 'Italian' prune

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  • Foliar B sprays have increased fruit set in 'Italian' prune (Prunus domestica L.) by 2 fold in some trials and had no effect in others. This work was conducted to identify reasons for this inconsistent response. Since B levels in flowers are associated with the amount of fruit set, factors affecting B supply to flowers were also studied. Foliar B sprays (500 ppm) were applied to 'Italian' prune trees in the fall. Results from 2 trials suggest that the response to B is influenced by the overall fruit set and B levels in flowers in a given year. Boron sprays had no effect on set during a warm spring when overall fruit set was high (12.2%), but increased set by 32% during a cool year when the overall set was low (3.2%). The B content of flowers forced on excised branches was similar to that of flowers on intact trees, indicating that flowers derive most of their B from reserves in nearby branch tissues. Simulated rain and relative humidity treatments indicated that B in flowers is not readily leached by rain and that transpiration rate has little effect on B accumulation in flowers. Boron accumulated slowly in buds prior to bud swelling (5 weeks before bloom), but rapidly from then until bloom. Xylem differentiated in the axes of buds as they began to swell. Prior to this, the discontinuous xylem vessel connection may impede B movement into buds. The observation that the concentrations of P, K, Ca, and S in the xylem exudate increased markedly 5 weeks before bloom, while B concentrations remained constant, suggests that B in branches is not as readily remobilized as other elements. The amount of B supplied to buds via the xylem was estimated from the accumulations of B in buds, the B concentration in xylem exudate, and the calculated transpiration from buds. Only a fourth of the B entering buds during the 2 months prior to bloom was supplied by the xylem.
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