Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Irrigation and plant density effects on head rot and yield of broccoli

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  • Effects of amount of applied water and frequency of irrigation on head rot and yield of three broccoli cultivars were evaluated in 1987 and 1988. Two irrigation frequencies were established with a line-source sprinkler system for 5.5 weeks during heading. The low-frequency experiment was watered once per week and the high-frequency experiment was watered three times per week with equal amounts of water. The amount of water applied decreased as the distance from the line increased. Head rot was not affected by amount of water applied, but differences in head rot were apparent between years and between frequencies of irrigation. Incidence of head rot in 1988 was more than five times greater than in 1987 and was more than doubled under high-frequency compared with low-frequency irrigation. The amount of disease also varied among cultivars. Overall, OSU 86-3 had the greatest incidence of head rot (23.9%) followed by 'Citation' (13.7%) and 'Gem' (6.7%). Yields were significantly affected by cultivar; 'Gem' and 'Citation' yielded higher than OSU 86-3. Response of yields to amount of water applied varied between years and frequencies, but generally, yields increased as the amount of water applied during head development increased until leveling off at 12 cm of water. Within-row plant spacings from 15 to 30 cm and between-row spacing of 41 and 51 cm were employed to test the effect of spacing and population of two cultivars on head rot and yield of broccoli. Yields of 'Gem' increased linearly as the plant population increased, but yields of OSU 86-3 did not respond to the population increase. Changes in within-row spacing affected yields and head weight more than changes in between-row spacing. An inverse correlation existed between head weight and plant population. Incidence of head rot was not affected by planting density, but differed significantly between cultivars. The incidence of head rot was significantly higher for OSU 86-3 (28.8%) compared with 'Gem' (5.6%).
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