Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation

 

Biological studies on the hemoflagellates of Oregon marine fishes and their potential leech vectors Public Deposited

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  • Of 2,122 marine fishes belonging to 36 species collected in the vicinity of Newport, Oregon, 541 belonging to 8 species were infected with hemoflagellates. Four species of trypanosomes and three species of cryptobias were found in offshore fishes, but no hemoflagellates were observed in fishes from Yaquina Bay. Trypanosoma pacifica was found in 177 of 1,102 Parophrys vetulus, 3 of 84 Citharichthys sordidus, and 1 of 35 Lyopsetta exilis, and survived in 10 other species after intraperitoneal injection. The host-specificity observed in nature was probably the result of selective feeding by the leech vector, possibly Oceanobdella sp. or Johanssonia sp. Division stages of T. pacifica were observed in the fish host and described. The growth rate of juvenile P. vetulus injected with T. pacifica was less than that of uninfected individuals for a 10 week period, after which the growth rates of the two groups were equivalent. Trypanosoma gargantua was found in 3 of 7 Raja binoculata and the vector was shown to be the leech Orientobdella sp. Two unidentified trypanosomes were observed, one from 21 of 1,102 P. vetulus, 24 of 303 Eopsetta jordani, and 6 of 61 Microstomus pacificus, and the other from 4 of 35 L. exilis. A small, active cryptobiid was found in 106 of 303 E. jordani, 51 of 1,102 P. vetulus, and a similar but larger flagellate in 9 of 35 L. exilis. After intraperitoneal injection flagellates from E. jordani did not survive in P. vetulus, but did survive in other flatfishes; flagellates from L. exilis survived in P. vetulus, but not E. jordani, indicating the possible presence of two species, one in E. jordani and one in P. vetulus and L. exilis. A larger, sluggish cryptobiid was found in 134 of 1,102 P. vetulus. An extremely large cryptobiid, grossly different morphologically from previously described species, was observed in 1 of 5 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus. The developmental cycle in the leech vector Malmiana sp. was described; the leech Trachelobdella sp. was also shown to be a potential vector. Leeches belonging to the following genera were collected during this study: Johanssonia, two species; Malmiana, three species; Trachelobdella, Oceanobdella, Orientobdella, and Ostreobdella. Of these, one species of Malmiana and one of Orientobdella were experimentally shown to be vectors of hemoflagellates.
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