Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Retinol intake, bone mineral density and falls in elderly women

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/4b29b925q

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  • This study was designed to investigate the relationship between retinol intake, bone mineral density, and falls in 101 elderly women aged 72 to 90 years (78.6 yrs. ± 4.3 yrs.). Bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm²) of the left hip, anterior-posterior lumbar spine (L3), and lateral spine (L3) was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed by validated questionnaires (the 100-item Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, respectively). Isometric hip abduction strength of the right and left legs was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Fall surveillance was collected using a "postcard" system at three-month intervals over a two-year period. Multiple regression analyses were used to show the predictability of retinol, vitamin D, calcium, years past menopause, years on hormone replacement therapy, and physical activity on BMD variables. Together, these variables explained 14% of the variance in total hip BMD at follow-up (R²=0.14, SEE=0.12, p=0.020), 26% of the variance in the anterior-posterior spine BMD at follow-up BMD (R²=0.26, SEE=0.17, p=0.051), and 33% of the variance in lateral spine BMD at follow-up (R²=0.33, SEE=0.10, p=0.009). Two-year changes in hip BMD were poorly predicted using the model with only 5% of total hip BMD variance being explained by the six independent variables (R²=0.05, SEE=0.03, p=0.558). Logistic regression was used to determine whether the likelihood of being a faller vs. a non-faller could be predicted from a model using retinol, vitamin D, average hip strength, and physical activity. It was shown that 11.5% of the variability in fall status could be explained by the model (Cox & Snell's R²=0.115). Using an ROC curve analysis, the model correctly classified 69% of the individuals into the correct "fall category". We conclude that retinol, although not an independent predictor of BMD or fall status, is an important component in the prediction of both BMD and falls. Further interventional research is needed to determine the effects of retinol on BMD and falling.
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