Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Reduced intraabdominal fat after lower-dose treadmill training in growing female rats

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  • The presence of an increased accumulation of intraabdominal fat (IAF) has been linked to dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia, which precede the development of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been shown that IAF begins depostition during childhood. Human studies suggest that regular endurance exercise, that does not necessarily produce an increase in aerobic capacity, can effectively reduce IAF accumulation during these early years. In contrast to human research, studies using animal models of human disease typically employ extremely large volumes of exercise with the intent to maximize aerobic capacity. The present study examined whether half the amount of endurance training, that was previously reported to induce cardiac hypertrophy and approximately double the aerobic capacity of skeletal muscle in rats, would reduce the growth-related accumulation of IAF in growing female rats. Twenty-two 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a running experimental or a non-running control group. The runners exercised on a treadmill 5 days/week for 60 min/day at a speed of 27m/min and up a 15% grade for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, the parametrial, omental and mesenteric IAF depots and the heart were excised and weighed. Compared with non-runners, the runners had a significantly lower mean parametrial fat mass (2.22 g vs. 3.13 g, p=0.05) and a higher mean heart weight (0.97 g vs. 0.90 g, p=0.05) at the end of 10 weeks. In addition, the lower mean parametrial fat mass in the runners vs. the non-runners (2.19 g vs. 3.19 g, p=0.02) remained significant even after adjusting for the greater heart weights of the runners. One-half the amount of exercise, that was previously reported to induce cardiac hypertrophy and approximately double the aerobic capacity of skeletal muscle in rats, yielded an 8% greater heart weight and a 29% lower parametrial IAF mass, on average, in growing female rats. In addition, the effects of treadmill running on reducing parametrial fat accumulation were independent of the effects of running on increasing heart weight. Thus, future studies examining the effects of exercise on IAF and other health-related metabolic outcomes in rats may consider using lower-dose endurance training protocols that are not designed to maximize improvements in aerobic capacity.
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