Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Continuous flow microreactor for chemical bath deposition : a novel approach to the deposition of polycrystalline semiconductor thin films

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  • Over the years, chemical bath deposition (CBD) is being widely used in the fabrication of Cu (In, Ga) Se₂ and CdTe based solar cells and photovoltaics. Many chalcogenides have been successfully deposited by this technique and it has received a great deal of attention owing to its low temperature and low-cost nature. CdS, an important layer in heterojunction solar cells and other optoelectronic devices, has been successfully deposited by this technique, which is normally carried out as a batch process. But a major disadvantage of batch CBD is the formation of particles and also unwanted deposition generating a lot of waste and thus resulting in defective devices. In this study, we have developed a continuous flow microreactor for CBD to overcome the drawbacks of batch process. This novel microreactor setup makes use of a micromixer for efficient mixing of the reactant streams and helps in controlling the particle size and distribution before the solution impinges on the hot substrate. CdS semiconductor thin films were successfully deposited on oxidized silicon substrates using the microreactor setup and a batch reactor as well. Comparisons of nanostructured thin films were performed by various characterization techniques. The surface morphology of the deposited films, carried out by AFM, SEM and Dektak surface profiler, clearly indicated an improved film quality in case of microreactor. This setup can also be used to deposit various other compound semiconductor thin films with improved film quality and minimum waste production.
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