Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Preparation of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network using cellulose esters and polyvinylphenol

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  • The creation of new semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) was attempted using miscible blends of high molecular weight cellulose esters (CE) and low molecular weight polyvinylphenol (PVP) with various initiators for the crosslinking reaction. Blends of cellulose acetate (CA) or cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), at 50/50, 70/30, and 90/10 wt%CE/wt% PVP were made. The PVP was reacted in the CAB systems with Hexamethylenetetramine (Hexa) at 190°C and in the CA systems with 1,3-Dioxolane (Diox) at 70°C. Thin films were formed and the thermal, mechanical, and structural properties of the blends and neat resins were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tension tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in tension, swelling tests, gel permeation chromotography (GPC), and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectroscopy (py-MBMS). Multivariate analysis of the py-MBMS data and the GPC data revealed that reaction of the PVP increased with increasing initiator concentration at all compositions, but swelling tests showed that semi-IPNs were only formed at the CA/PVP 50/50 level. The glass transition temperatures (T [subscript g]) of the blends were unaffected by the reaction of the PVP, suggesting that the low molecular weight PVP was serving as a diluent of the high molecular weight CE. The tension tests showed no enhancement of mechanical properties. The DMA results indicated increased elastic characteristics at temperatures just above T[subscript g] as the amount of initiator was increased, which is consistent with a picture of chain extension of the PVP molecules, which in turn increased the number of trapped entanglements in the system, even when not forming a complete PVP network. In conclusion, all systems showed chain extension reaction of the PVP and some semi-IPN formation as detected by analytical methods, but these changes did not produce the desired increases in mechanical properties such as tensile modulus and strength.
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