Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Influence of leaf types on canopy architecture and grain yield in selected crosses of spring wheat Triticum aestivum L.

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  • The effects of erect leaf canopies on enhancing grain yield in wheat is not understood. The main objective of this study was to understand the effect of leaf angle on grain yield by comparing randomly derived-lines from crosses of erect and droopy leaf spring wheats. Nine traits associated with canopy architecture were evaluated to determine their influence on grain yield and its major components. The experiment was conducted at Centro de Investigacions Agricola del Nororeste (CIANO) located near Obregon, Mexico. When all F6 lines are considered, there were no consistent differences in grain yield between different canopy types. Parental sources of erect and droopy leaf type did, however, have an influence on the interrelationship between components of grain yield. In the highest yielding cross, F6:2 lines showed positive complementary relationships between grain yield, grains/m², harvest index, and 100 kernel weight. That erect leaf F6:2 lines were included in the top and lowest grain yielding groups indicates that factors other than leaf erectness may be more important in determining grain yield. In a separate experiment, paired F6:2 lines with contrasting leaf types of crosses between erect and droopy leaf parents were derived from individual F2 plants. Erect leaf lines showed a slight grain yield advantage over their droopy leaf counterparts. The differences in grain yield were associated with high grains/m², high harvest index, and slower leaf senescence. Erect leaf F6:2 lines also showed a higher crop growth rate. However, the grain yield advantage in erect leaf F6:2 lines was independent of efficiency of converting solar radiation into dry matter, crop growth rate, extinction coefficient, and leaf area index. Erect leaf parents and erect leaf F6:2 lines showed higher susceptibility to leaf tip burning. Negative associations of leaf tip burning with grain yield and its components were found among erect leaf F6:2 lines. Leaf tip burning reduced 100 kernel weight, and consequenctly yield. The erect leaf habit in wheat may have some beneficial impact on grain yield, provided appropriate parental sources can be identified. Selection for high grains/m² and 100 kernel weight in erect leaf populations may maximize selection response.
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