Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Non-herbicidal effects of dinoseb on winter wheat yields

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  • A series of experiments were conducted from 1983 to 1985 to determine the effects of dinoseb [2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol] on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) yields. Field trials on dinoseb timing and dinoseb plus supplemental pesticides were established in an effort to elucidate the possible factors involved in the yield response of the crop to the herbicide, under weed-free conditions. During the first year (1983-1984), dinoseb (1.7 kg/ha) was applied at several growth stages, from 1 leaf to early booting, to September- and October-planted Yamhill wheat and late October-planted Stephens wheat. Higher yields were obtained in late-planted wheat because of reduced disease attack. The main diseases present during this cropping season were: leaf blotch (Septoria tritici Rob. in Desm.), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis West.), eyespot foot rot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Dei.), and glume blotch (Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.). Early dinoseb applications increased grain yields and prevented or lowered foliar disease attack. Late applications (after the first node stage) decreased yields, probably because of phytotoxicity. However, the general crop response to application times was erratic. Experiments involving supplemental pesticides included, in addition to dinoseb, a) preplant fumigation with 50 g/m² methyl bromide (bromomethane), b) 2.25 kg/ha phorate {0,0- diethyl S-[(ethylthio)methyl] phosphorodithioate} preplant incorporated, c) 1.12 kg/ha benomyl {methyl 1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]- 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate} applied in February, 1984, and d) repeat applications of 0.12 kg/ha propiconazole {1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)4- propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]-1-H-1,2,4-triazole} at flag leaf emergence and at heading. Dinoseb increased grain yields and reduced foliar disease infection. December-applied dinoseb plus propiconazole gave the highest yields as a result of effective disease control. Methyl bromide drastically reduced yield, regardless of dinoseb application, because of lodging. Methyl bromide increased plant height and tiller number, and decreased tiller weight. It also increased eyespot attack. Benomyl was the only pesticide that reduced eyespot incidence. Phorate did not affect any of the variables studied. In the second year (1984-1985) experiments on dinoseb timing, dinoseb decreased foliar disease infection (primarily leaf blotch) in most cases, when applied to October-planted Stephens wheat, and yield increases were obtained with earlier applications as in the previous year. Supplemental-fungicide experiments included a) benomyl, b) propiconazole (single application when flag leaf was just visible), and c) repeat applications of 1.12 kg/ha chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6- tetrachloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile) at 99% flag leaf emergence and 99% head emergence. Dinoseb application did not affect grain yield and slightly reduced foliar disease, in the absence of fungicides. Benomyl increased yield because of improved disease control. Propiconazole was less effective than in the previous year, and chlorothalonil did not influence any of the variables studied.
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