Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Identification and development of cultural practices for upland rice production systems for savanna soils of Colombia

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  • A great potential for increasing upland rice production exists in the savanna soils of Colombia. These vast areas are currently underutilized. However, they have good soil structure, flat topography, coupled with sufficient and well distributed rainfall, making savanna soils ideal for upland rice cropping system. The major constraints to upland rice production in these soils are their low fertility and lack of appropriate technology for their management. The basic concept is to alleviate or overcome soil constraints by planting rice cultivars to Al toxicity and low native fertility, and obtaining reasonable, but not necessarily the maximum yield obtained with lowland or paddy rice. Upland rice production systems were evaluated in representative savanna soils of CRI La Libertad, Llanos Orientales, Colombia, during the rainy seasons of 1983 and 1984. Cultivars such as Perola, Tox 1011-4-2, IAC 47, IAC 165, IRAT 101 and Makalioka 34 showed a high yield potential and good level of resistance against the prevalent pests and diseases. They also have thick and deep roots which make them suitable for upland rice culture in savanna soils. They are tolerant to Al toxicity, and have good level of adaptation to acid-soil conditions. A second component of a successful rice production technology was the determination of appropiate rates of P an Ca. Based on plant tissue analyses and in grain yield, a fertilization rate of 150 Kg Ca/ha using dolomite, and 60 Kg P₂0₅/ha as concentrate superphosphate, appears to be adequate for acceptable yield levels on savanna soils. An additional component of the management system is to drill plant adapted rice cultivars in rows 15 cm apart, with a rate of seeding of 60 Kg/ha. Significantly higher yield was obtained with these cultural practices. Through the integration of these management practices a productive upland rice production technology can be developed and the incorporation of savanna soils to food production is feasible.
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