Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Chemotherapeutic and nontarget side-effects of benomyl to the orange tortrix (Argyrotaenia citrana) and the braconid endoparasite Apanteles aristotelia

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  • Benomyl, a systemic benzimidazole fungicide was incorporated into artificial diet and evaluated for its oral toxicity to nonparasitized and parasitized third instar orange tortrix larvae, Argyrotaeniae citrana (Fernald) and its food chain toxicity via the host to the solitary braconid endoparasite Apanteles aristoteliae Vierek. Concentrations of benomyl ≤ 300 ppm were sublethal to nonparasitized hosts. Increasing concentrations of benomyl resulted in significant decreases in the percent of nonparasitized larvae pupating. Parasitized hosts feeding on treated diet containing 300 ppm benomyl or its principal metabolite MBC, after parasitization, had significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) percentages of host larvae pupating and surviving to adulthood than controls. This chemotherapeutic effect was equivalent for hosts feeding on 300 ppm benomyl treated diet for only the first 24 hours after parasitization as compared to hosts feeding continuously. Increasing concentrations of benomyl resulted in decreased percentages of parasitized hosts pupating and increased percentages of hosts blocked in their larval development. Comparisons of parasitized and nonparasitized larval mortalities directly due to benomyl indicated that parasitized larvae (LC50 = 2151 ppm) were less susceptable than nonparasitized larvae (LC50 =806 ppm). Parasite emergence from hosts was reduced by all fungicide treatments. However, only when hosts fed on benomyl treated media with concentrations ≥ 300 ppm and after exposure to parasites was parasite emergence significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05). The potential uses of benomyl or like substances to study parasite-host relationships and how benomyl may impact on field populations of these insects are discussed.
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