Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Ganglionic circulation and regulation of cardiovascular activity in Aplysia californica

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  • Neurons in the abdominal ganglion of the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica , appear to respond directly to changes in blood flow and oxygen tension within the ganglion. When circulation through the ganglion is reduced, the spontaneous activity of some identifiable neurons are excited while others are inhibited. Many of the neurons which respond most strongly are cells involved in regulating the activity of the heart and vasculature. Most notably, the heart excitor interneuron, L10, is excited for prolonged periods when ganglionic circulation is reduced, and this response is reversed when flow resumes. The neurosecretory white cells (R3-R14), which innervate major arteries and the branchial vein, are also excited during periods of reduced ganglionic circulation. Injection of ink-gelatin mixtures into the vasculature of the abdominal ganglion shows that blood enters the ganglion through a stereotypical pattern of arterial branches. The cell bodies of larger neurons in the ganglion are surrounded by vascular spaces while the neuropil is not vascularized. The cell body of the heart excitor interneuron, L10, is positioned near the caudal artery where it enters the ganglion. This close morphological relationship between ganglionic vasculature and motor circuits controlling the heart suggests a basis for feedback regulation of cardiovascular functions. In dissected preparations of the respiratory organs and the heart with intact innervation from the abdominal ganglion, reduced circulation to the ganglion stimulated two physiological responses that increased cardiac output. The initial response was contraction of the gill, stimulated by a burst of activity in the respiratory pumping circuit and interneuron II. The second response involved long-term excitation of the heart which was correlated with the excitation of the heart excitor interneuron, L10. The physiological importance of this direct interaction between ganglionic circulation and central neurons controlling circulation is discussed.
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