Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Diagnosis and correction of copper deficiency of small grains in Oregon

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  • Field-plot experiments and pot culture techniques were used to investigate reported Cu deficiency in certain Oregon organic soils. Field experiments were established in 1973 and 1974 on an acid peat soil and two alkaline muck soils near Klamath Falls, The effect of rates of from 0 to 45 kg Cu/ha on barley, oats, triticale, and wheat was determined by measuring grain yield and tissue Cu levels. Plant samples were collected at various stages of maturity and analyzed for Cu. These and other soils were studied by pot culture of barley in the greenhouse to measure the effect of applied Cu. Levels of Cu in barley were compared to DTPA extractable Cu and total soil Cu determined by HNO 3 -HC10 4 digestion. The purpose of this series of studies was to provide a basis for predicting Cu deficiency and subsequent correction of deficient soils with fertilization. Yield responses from Cu fertilization were not observed primarily due to climatic extremes. Application of CuSO₄5H₂0 increased plant Cu levels, particularly at rates of 22 and 45 kg Cu/ha. Wheat and triticale showed greater increases in Cu content than did barley and oats. A consistent pattern was observed for Cu levels in barley to remain constant or increase slightly with plant maturity. Copper levels in oats, triticale, and wheat commonly decreased with maturity. Due to differences between the four species it is important to select precise stages of maturity for collection of plant samples. Barley grown to the tille ring stage of maturity was found to be Cu deficient in three organic soils samples tested in the greenhouse. Application of CuSO4 to the pots prevented Cu deficiency from occurring. Leaf Cu levels were less than 3.5 ppm in the deficient plants. A critical leaf level of approximately 4.0 ppm Cu is suggested from field and greenhouse data. Extraction of soil Cu with DTPA correlated successfully with leaf Cu levels in a logarithmic relationship. Conversion of the DTPA analysis values to a volume basis yielded an improved curve which improved prediction of plant Cu for both mineral and organic soils. Plant Cu levels were found to be closely correlated with total soil Cu in a nearly linear relationship. The regression was particularly successful if limited to soils which were greater than 20% organic matter. In the organic soils a critical plant level of 4.0 ppm Cu corresponded to 11 ppm total soil Cu. Adjustment of the total soil Cu values to a volume basis improved the prediction of plant responses for all of the soils tested. Thus, plant and soil analysis may be used to successfully diagnose plant Cu deficiency in a wide range of soils.
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