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Broadening the Benefits from Quota-Based Management in Alaska Commercial Fisheries

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  • Four commercial fisheries off Alaska’s coast are managed by transferable quota systems. Implementation of each quota program was controversial, and two programs were mandated by federal legislation rather than standard rulemaking procedure. Pacific halibut and sablefish are managed by individual harvest quota programs, which were designed to maintain a predominantly owner-operated fleet of small vessels. Quota programs for the industrial Walleye pollock and crab fisheries encourage the formation of harvesting cooperatives to provide efficiency gains. The halibut and pollock quota systems provided economic benefits beyond expectations. Information gathered since the crab program implementation suggests similar results. Consolidation within the halibut and pollock harvesting and processing sectors produced dramatic efficiency gains. Gross revenues increased as processors shifted to higher-value product forms. After implementing the harvester-only halibut quota program, policy makers aimed to broaden the distribution of benefits among fishery participants in the development of subsequent quota programs. The pollock program requires processor linkages for harvester cooperative participation and the crab program includes a separate pool of transferable quota for processors. Despite efforts to broaden the distribution of benefits from implementation of quota programs, critics cite windfall profits to initial recipients, unlimited quota duration, and absentee ownership as justification to avoid additional quota-based fishery programs in Alaska. This paper examines some tools under consideration for future programs, such as harvest privileges of limited duration, quota fees, and community quota pools. While these tools will decrease the economic benefits of quota-based management systems, they might be necessary additions to gain broad-based support. The views expressed in this paper do not represent official state of Alaska policy.
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  • Baker, Rachel. 2006. Broadening the Benefits from Quota-Based Management in Alaska Commercial Fisheries. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, July 11-14, 2006, Portsmouth, UK: Rebuilding Fisheries in an Uncertain Environment. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 2006. CD ROM. ISBN 0-9763432-3-1
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  • The National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Marine Fisheries Service, United States Department of Commerce (NOAA Fisheries); United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); The United States Agency for International Development supported Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Support Program (ACRSP).
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