Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The control of non-metallic inclusions in cast steel

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  • Exogenous and indigenous inclusions are defined and described with respect to their origins and effects in cast steel. Means of minimizing exogenous inclusions thru prevention of their formation as well as entrapment in the mold filling system are discussed. Indigenous inclusions arise from elements normally present in steel, principally oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and to control these inclusions it is necessary to limit the concentration of the forming elements. Conventional steelmaking techniques for controlling the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur levels are described. Absolute elimination of indigenous inclusions has not been attained, so it is necessary to treat the residual inclusions in such a way that their deleterious effects are minimized. This involves selection of the appropriate final deoxidizer. The various deoxidizer choices are discussed with respect to their primary effect upon sulfide and nitride inclusions as well as precautions to be taken involving side effects.
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