Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Culture and nutritional requirements of sod webworms on a meridic diet (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Crambinae)

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  • Attempts were made to rear Crambus topiarius Zeller, Euchromius ocellus (Haworth), Crambus bonifatellus (Hulst) and Crambus trisectus (Walker) on non-aseptic meridic diets containing wheat germ or pinto beans as basic constituents. Various methods of diet presentation and types of rearing containers were used. Shell vials and plastic cups used as rearing containers were unsuitable for G. topiarius. The reduction of toxic vapors emitted by anti-microbial compounds permitted six successive generations of E. ocellus to be reared on a wheat germ diet modified from one reported in the literature. The successful cultural methods employed 1 cc cubes of a meridic diet and the use of 3/4 oz paper cups as rearing containers. Attempts to rear C. bonifatellus on a meridic diet were not successful. C. trisectus was found to require beta-sitosterol in the diet for larval growth. Sucrose in the diet may lower fecundity and was found to be detrimental by interfering with fatty acids essential for normal wing development in adults. Various modifications in the dietary content of wheat germ, wheat germ oil or linseed oil resolved the problem associated with faulty adult emergence. However, there were variable results because this species must mate within hours of adult emergence (either sex) for optimum fecundity. The results of nutritional experiments were used to develop a meridic diet for C. trisectus. The species was reared successfully for three generations on a meridic diet with success rates for normal adults of 87%, 82%, and 72%. Stock cultures of C. trisectus laboratory reared on Chewings fescue failed to produce viable eggs after the third generation of adults. This problem apparently has been overcome by rearing the species on the meridic diet. No loss of fertility after the third generation occurred and 56 of 60 larvae in a fourth generation survived after three weeks.
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