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Low Coseismic Friction on the Tohoku-Oki Fault Determined from Temperature Measurements

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  • The frictional resistance on a fault during slip controls earthquake dynamics. Friction dissipates heat during an earthquake; therefore the fault temperature after an earthquake provides insight into the level of friction. The JFAST project (IODP Expedition 343/343T) installed a borehole temperature observatory 16 months after the March 2011 M[subscript w]9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake across the fault where slip was ~50 m near the trench. After 9 months of operation, the complete sensor string was recovered. A 0.31°C temperature anomaly at the plate boundary fault corresponds to 27 MJ/m² of dissipated energy during the earthquake. The resulting apparent friction coefficient of 0.08 is considerably smaller than static values for most rocks.
  • This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science, Volume 342 issue 6163 on 06 December 2013, DOI:10.1126/science.1243641.
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  • Fulton, P. M., Brodsky, E. E., Kano, Y., Mori, J., Chester, F., Ishikawa, T., . . . Expedition 343, 343T, and KR13-08 Scientists. (2013). Low coseismic friction on the Tohoku-Oki fault determined from temperature measurements. Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6163), 1214-1217. doi:10.1126/science.1243641
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  • 342
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  • 6163
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  • We thank all drilling and operations staff on board the D/V Chikyu during IODP Expedition 343/343T and R/V Kairei during KR12-16, KR13-04 and KR13-08, operated by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. The raw data is provided by IODP (http://www.iodp.org/access-data-and-samples). The data analysis is funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF3289 to EEB.
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