Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Aggregational behavior in the boreal toad Bufo boreas boreas Baird and Girard

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  • The object of this study was to investigate the possibilities of tracing aggregational behavior among Bufo boreas boreas larvae with reference to tadpole development, and to attempt to determine what aggregational factors initiate and maintain this behavior. Additionally, an attempt was made to determine the significance of temperature as an individual environmental factor. Field records were taken from three Oregon lakes during the summers of 1965 and 1966. Behavioral patterns were traced through the larval, metamorphic and juvenile phases of development. Temperatures were recorded with a Schultheis centigrade thermometer. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a thermal gradient on tadpole behavior. Aggregational behavior is expressed by these tadpoles throughout all but the first few weeks of the larval phase, through metamorphosis, and into the first season of juvenile life. Aggregational patterns are peculiar to respective developmental stages. Schooling is significant, and the serpentine patterns are unique to these larvae. Temperature appears to be a relevant factor in initiating and maintaining aggregation. Several other factors which require clarification are discussed.
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