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An unexpected clade of South American ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidion)

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  • Phylogenetic relationships of the Antiperyphanes Complex of the genus Bembidion are inferred using DNA sequences from seven genes (two nuclear ribosomal, four nuclear protein coding, and one mitochondrial protein coding). Redefined subgenera within the complex are each well-supported as monophyletic. Most striking was the discovery that a small set of morphologically and ecologically heterogeneous species formed a clade, here called subgenus Nothonepha. This unexpected result was corroborated by the discovery of deep pits in the lateral body wall (in the mesepisternum) of all Nothonepha, a trait unique within Bembidion. These pits are filled with a waxy substance in ethanol-preserved specimens. In one newly discovered species (Bembidion tetrapholeon sp. n., described here), these pits are so deep that their projections into the body cavity from the two sides touch each other internally. These structures in Bembidion (Nothonepha) are compared to very similar mesepisternal pits which have convergently evolved in two other groups of carabid beetles. The function of these thoracic pits is unknown. Most members of subgenus Nothonepha have in addition similar but smaller pits in the abdomen. A revised classification is proposed for the Antiperyphanes Complex.
  • This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Pensoft Publishers. The published article can be found at: http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys. Supplementary files for the article can be found at: http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/7706/supp.
  • Keywords: Carabidae, Ground beetles, Phylogeny, Systematics, Bembidiini, DNA, South America, Bembidion
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  • Maddison, D. R. (2014). An unexpected clade of South American ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidion). ZooKeys, 416, 113-155. doi:10.3897/zookeys.416.7706
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  • This project was made possible by funds provided by the University of Arizona, the Harold E. and Leona M. Rice Endowment Fund at Oregon State University, and National Sciences Foundation grant EF-0531754. National Sciences Foundation DEB-0445413, to Elizabeth Arias and Kipling Will, provided funds that helped support field work in Chile. The expedition to South Africa that yielded the Elaphropus (Sphaerotachys) I studied was supported by a Hellman Postdoctoral Fellowship (to C.S. Chaboo).
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