Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Malbec and Syrah Grape and Wine Quality

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/8s45qf521

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  • The water status of grape vine throughout the growing season is a primary determinant of vine vigor and berry composition. The concentrations of volatile compounds and precursors in grape berries are highly influenced by viticultural practices. Imposing a water deficit on the vine during berry development is an important vineyard management strategy to alter grape and wine quality. Although much literature has reported the impact of vine water status on grape composition and volatile compounds, the results are still inconclusive due to the variations in irrigation regimes, cultivars and other agronomical conditions. The detailed chemical compound responsible for the flavor attribute differences need to be fully studied. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the volatile composition of Malbec and Syrah grapes and wines.Malbec and Syrah grape chemical and volatile composition was investigated over three consecutive growing seasons (2014-2017) in established field trials located at the University of Idaho Parma Research and Extension Center in Parma, ID (lat: 43´78°N; long: 116´94°W; 750 m asl). Four irrigation regime (70 % ETc from fruit set to veraison, 35 % ETc from veraison to harvest (70 35), 70% ETc sustained from fruit set to harvest (70 70), 35 % ETc from fruit set to veraison, 70 % ETc from veraison to harvest (35 70), and 35% ETc sustained from fruit set to harvest (35 35)) was applied to the vines with two irritation frequencies (1x= one event per week, 3x=same irrigation amount apportioned into three irrigation events per week). Berry volatile compositions were analyzed by Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Results showed that different irrigation frequency barely affected the volatiles in Malbec grapes but have greater influence on volatile composition of Syrah grape. ETc variation before veraison and after veraison influenced C13-norisoprenoids precursor content in Malbec and Syrah berries. 70% ETc before veraison contributed to higher bound-form trans-β-damascenone concentration in Malbec berries, while both 35% ETc before and after veraison resulted in a higher bound-form TDN and vitispirane concentration in Syrah berries. In this study, the YAN (yeast assimilable nitrogen) showed a correlation with irrigation amount in 2015’s and 2016’s Syrah grapes and 2016’s Malbec grape berries. The 70 70 irrigation amount resulted in a relatively lower YAN concentration in grape must of 2016’s Malbec and 2015 and 2016’s Syrah. Wines were made with experimental grape samples, and wine compositions were analyzed using GC-FID, GC-PFPD and GC-MS. Results showed that wine volatile compositions of both Malbec and Syrah were affected by irrigation amounts, but barely affected by irrigation frequency. The terpenoid concentrations in wine were more related with the bound-form terpenes in grapes rather than free form terpenes. Irrigation frequency and amount showed no influences on either free form or bound form C13-norisoprenoids in Syrah wines, but bound form TDN and vitispirane concentrations in Malbec wines were affected by irrigation amount. The esters, higher alcohols and fatty acids content in wines were closely related with the YAN levels in grape must before fermentation. The lower YAN concentration led to a higher ethyl acetate and lower Phenylethyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol concentrations in corresponding wines. The YAN level in grape juice was affected by water status of the grape vine, while the YAN level can be associated with aroma-active compounds in wine. Thus, imposing water deficit to the grape vine can alter the volatile composition of the final wine.
  • Keywords: regulated deficit irrigation, aroma, Malbec, Syrah
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  • 2017-11-08 to 2019-06-27

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