The effects of naturally shaded microsites on survival and height growth of natural and planted seedlings were evaluated after an initial shelterwood harvest in the eastern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, the probabilities of survival for planted Douglas-fir (84 percent) and ponderosa pine (56 percent) were significantly greater than those for natural Douglas-fir (13 percent) and white fir (18 percent). Stress from heat and drought was the greatest cause of mortality for both planted and natural seedlings. Survival of natural seedlings was significantly greater on shaded then on unshaded microsites, but shading did not affect survival of planted seedlings. Survival of planted seedlings seemed to be associated with root size.