The waving-wand system of broadcast chemical application implemented in swath widths to 40 ft (>12 m) is capable of simulating broadcast deposition patterns for herbicides similar to those delivered by helicopter. Drop sizes vary from center to edge of swaths, which can range from >1,000 to 5,000 microns (μ). Any...
This case study describes in detail how to conduct a performance review of forest product industries. This case study uses the paper industry for illustration, but the principles and methods presented are such that you will be able to conduct a performance review in any industry.
Historical forest harvesting practices were reviewed in the original Alsea Watershed Study where they found increased energy
loading to the stream and produced higher stream temperatures. This was an important early research site that led to the
development of contemporary forest management practices to protect water quality and fish habitat...
Coarse woody debris (CWD), represented by logs and snags >10 cm in diameter and >1 m in length, was sampled at eight sites in Russian boreal forests to determine the specific density of decay classes and decomposition rates. Tree species sampled included Abies siberica Ledeb., Betula pendula Roth., Betula costata...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Various methods have been used to estimate the amount of above ground forest biomass across landscapes and to create biomass maps for specific stands or pixels across ownership or project areas. Without an accurate estimation method, land managers might end up with incorrect biomass estimate maps, which could lead them...
One of the challenges often faced in forestry is the estimation of forest attributes for smaller areas of interest within a larger population. Small-area estimation (SAE) is a set of techniques well suited to estimation of forest attributes for small areas in which the existing sample size is small and...
Palms are an important component of tropical ecosystems, living alongside dicotyledonous trees, even though they have a very different growth pattern and vascular system. As monocots, vessels in palms are located within vascular bundles and, without a vascular cambium that many dicotyledonous trees possess, palms cannot add additional vessels to...
A detailed cost analysis was performed on 111 U.S. Forest Service campgrounds in the Pacific Northwest (Region 6). Five experience levels were analyzed to estimate facility, operation and maintenance, and opportunity costs. Cost functions, estimated by multiple linear regression analysis to predict the effect of size (number of sites) and...
Tornadoes represent a unique natural hazard because of the very low probability of
occurrence, short warning times (on the order of only a few minutes), and the intense and
destructive forces imposed on engineered and non-engineered buildings. The very low-probability very high-consequence nature of a tornado strike makes designing for...
We have developed a method for determining the response of a static, partially ordered ensemble of molecules to various types of electromagnetic probes. In our formalism a physical model is constructued for the orientational distribution function, which is represented as a volume integral over a set of weighting functions. Procedures...
We have expanded on the results of an earlier paper [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 221 (1980)] which deals with a method for determining the response of a static, partially ordered ensemble of molecules to various types of electromagnetic probes. In this paper we consider types of spectroscopy whose response depends...
Tables are presented that summarize 108 published articles on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest. Each table describes the form of the information presented, the species to which the information is applicable, the data sources used to develop the information, the data needed to predict growth and yield,...
Summaries from 49 published articles on site-index and dominant-height growth curves and equations are presented for 20 tree species or species groups found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeastern Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species. Each summary describes the modeling approach, type of curves/equations,...
Summaries from 49 published articles on tree volume and taper equations are presented for 39 tree species found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeast Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species and then by type of equation (volume or taper). Each summary describes the types...
Accurately simulating gross primary productivity (GPP) in terrestrial ecosystem models is critical because errors in simulated GPP propagate through the model to introduce additional errors in simulated biomass and other fluxes. We evaluated simulated, daily average GPP from 26 models against estimated GPP at 39 eddy covariance flux tower sites...
Scientists explore the effects of tree buffers along creek banks on both grazing land and stream ecology. Featuring Dr. Badege Bishaw, Dr. Bill Emmingham, and Dr. Bill Rogers.
We have developed a new approach to the theory of linear dichroism in partially ordered systems. The description of the partially ordered ensemble uses a density of states function, D(θ, ϕ, Δ), which gives the probability that the direction of polarization for incident polarized light has spherical angles θ and...
In this study, triglycidylamine (TGA) was synthesized and evaluated as a crosslinking agent for soy flour (SF) for making five-ply plywood from yellow poplar. Glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TTE) were also investigated as crosslinking agents for SF as adhesive for plywood. The plywood panels bonded with...
A closed-tube bioassay with Poria placenta was used to measure residual fungistatic vapors in wood fumigated with methylisothiocyanate (MIT). This bioassay showed an inverse linear relationship between fungal growth and the amount of MIT in the wood samples. For fumigated increment-core sections of unseasoned Douglas-fir heartwood (4.8 mm in diameter...
Finite element analysis was used to study the effective transverse modulus of solid wood for all possible end-grain patterns. The calculations accounted for cylindrical anisotropy of wood within rectangular specimens and explicitly modeled wood as a composite of earlywood and latewood. The effective modulus was significantly reduced by growth ring...
This Practical Guide is a companion to the video program Communication Strategies for Fire Management: Creating Effective Citizen-Agency Partnerships. The video is designed to assist land management personnel in working collaboratively with citizens for community fi re and fuel reduction strategies. The DVD uses real world examples from successful agency...
This study was initiated and designed, first, to determine the reliability of the stocking survey system, and, second, to construct free hand curves which would give the ratio of percent of stocking to number of trees per acre.
This monograph describes the concept of allocating aggregate costs of logs, wood, and manufacturing to specific products based on those products' relative market values. It includes results of a survey and a general analysis of the issues involved.
This is the synthesis of a series of studies to evaluate perceptions of U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) law enforcement and investigations (LEI). Five groups were evaluated: four groups of employees from different positions within LEI, and a group of customers of LEI, the line officers of the...
A technique for solving efficiently the catenary problem encountered in surveying with tapes is presented. The theory of the catenary solution is outlined, and our technique is shown to solve correctly the catenary for all conditions. Analysis of error that compared the catenary correction to the more commonly used parabolic...
Molds are an increasingly important issue for all building materials, including
wood. While washing with bleach is a commonly recommended method for removing
molds, and the associated discolorations, there is surprisingly little information on the
effectiveness of this treatment. The ability of mold removal treatments to brighten
wood and eliminate...
The ability of selected plant extracts from wood and foliage to inhibit mold regrowth on fungal colonized wood was evaluated on Douglas-fir sapwood. Most foliage extracts produced some inhibition of Graphium or Trichoderma species, but isolations of other fungi increased following treatment. Five out of eight wood extracts produced 50%...
The ability of 15 bacterial and fungal isolates to inhibit fungal stain of ponderosa pine sapwood was studied on small wood samples exposed in a moist environment. Several isolates including Bacillus subtilis were capable of inhibiting fungal stain although the protective effect was lost upon prolonged exposure. More detailed evaluations...
Post-thinning natural regeneration in the Pacific Northwest of USA was evaluated 13 years after thinning
50-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii) stands on a drier, interior
Coast Range site (McDonald) and 10 years after thinning 50- to 55-year-old Douglas-fir/western hemlock
(Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) stands on a moister,...
Sixteen sampling alternatives were examined for their performance to quantify selected attributes of overstory conifers in riparian areas of western Oregon. Each alternative was examined at eight headwater forest locations based on a 0.52 ha square stem maps. The alternatives were evaluated for selected stand attributes (trees per hectare, basal...
Although field-collected recordings typically contain multiple simultaneously vocalizing birds of different species, acoustic species classification in this setting has received little study so far. This work formulates the problem of classifying the set of species present in an audio recording using the multi-instance multi-label (MIML) framework for machine learning, and...
This article examines relationships between hunter specialization and activity substitutability. Data were obtained from a mail survey of 6,983 deer hunters in eight states and 2,584 elk hunters in three states. Activity substitutability was measured by asking what activity would provide the same satisfaction as deer or elk hunting. Between...
Using a qualitative approach, the authors tested a crime
typology developed for tourism destinations in a U.S. National
Forest recreation setting. Specific objectives were to
classify the attributes of crime and violence, examine the effects
of crime and violence on visitor demand, and suggest
methods of prevention and recovery. A...
Aerial photo cruising that can be accomplished quickly, cheaply and with a satisfactory degree of accuracy has been the goal of many forest mensurationists throughout the world. As early as 1925, photo cruising was accomplished successfully by Professor R. Hugershoff and his associates in Germany. The development of this technique...
Harrya is described as a new genus of Boletaceae to accommodate Boletus chromapes,
a pink capped bolete with a finely scabrous stipe adorned with pink scabers, a chrome yellow
base, and a reddish brown spore deposit. Phylogenetic analyses of large subunit rDNA and
translation elongation factor 1α confirm Harrya as...
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing has demonstrated potential in measuring forest biomass. We assessed the ability of LiDAR to accurately estimate forest total above ground biomass (TAGB) on an individual stem basis in a conifer forest in the US Pacific Northwest region using three different computer software programs...
These data contain temperature readings from dataloggers launched in Deer Creek, Flynn Creek, and Needle Branch from 2006 to 2010. These loggers were apart of the Alsea Watershed Revisisted Study Revisited articles, but the data was incomplete due to logging gaps, temperature spikes, or other issues. The "Thermistor Functionality" datasets...
In recent years the “working landscape” concept has risen to prominence in popular, academic, and policy discourse surrounding conservation of both natural and cultural values in inhabited landscapes. Despite its implied reconciliation of commodity production and environmental protection, this concept remains contested terrain, masking tensions over land use practices and...
This paper presents a new Rock Share Estimation (RSE) procedure that can estimate the cost
of forest road construction. One of the key elements of the total cost in road construction is the
cost of embankment. The proportion of the rock directly influences the price of this activity.
Hence, a...
This annotated bibliography is a response to widespread interest in stream habitat improvement in the Pacific Northwest by land managers, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and the lay public. Several guides to stream habitat improvement have been written in the past, but may not be easily accessible to people from diverse...
Few studies have examined the own-price elasticity of Canadian softwood lumber supply or output-adjusted factor demand elasticities over the past two decades, despite the utility of these measures in understanding producer response to tariffs, to market shifts (such as the decline in U.S. public harvest), and to changes in domestic...
Droplet dynamics analysis concerns the measurements of droplet volume, cap and base areas and
contact angles, as they change in time to study evaporation, wettability, adhesion and other
surface phenomena and properties. In a typical procedure, the two-dimensional measurements
are based on a series of images recorded at successive stages...
A procedure has been developed to optimize designs of metal-clad post-frame buildings using an expert system. The novel part of the study is the development of a procedure that extends the solution of an engineering problem from a conventional algorithmic Computer Aided Design (CAD) program to be used by the...
This pictorial guide is primarily intended to serve as a backdrop for field tours of central Oregon that involve topics surrounding wildland fire. It also is designed to provide an
overview of the role of fire in the major ecosystems characteristic of this region. Topics covered include fire history, fire...
Bacillus subtilis and essential oils have been explored separately for their ability to limit colonization by wood stain and mold fungi, but neither approach has been completely effective. One alternative strategy would be to combine the bacterial biocontrol with one or more natural products extracts. In this report, the ability...
Using an extensive Douglas-fir data set from southwest Oregon, we examined the (1) performance and suitability of selected prediction strategies, (2) contribution of relative position and stand-density measures in improving tree height (h) prediction values, and (3) effect of different subsampling designs to fill in missing h values in a...
Metal-plate-connected wood trusses with semi-rigid joints were investigated by the matrix method of structural analysis. The element-stiffness matrix and fixed-end forces of an individual member with one or both ends semi-rigid were derived as modifications of the idealized cases. The case of unequal elastic connections at two ends of a...
As global climate changes over the next century, forest productivity is expected to change as well. Using PRISM climate and productivity data measured on a grid of 3356 plots, we developed a simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) model to estimate the impacts of climate change on potential productivity of Pacific Northwest (PNW)...
Regression models of height growth and survival were fitted to aggregate data for trees, protected and not protected from animal damage, that had been surveyed on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plantations in Oregon and Washington. Animal damage significantly affected both height and survival. Dynamic programming analysis-using both soil expectation (Se)...
Mammal and bird damage recorded on Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine plots-randomly established in Oregon and Washington during 1963-64, then observed for 5 to 10 years-was evaluated for impact on survival and growth. In all, 194 plots were installed, and 10 of the 110 seedlings on each plot were caged to...
This bibliography lists selected references useful to the forester in managing young forests in the Douglas-fir region. The references pertain to those management activities that are carried on in the forest from stand regeneration until final harvest. Emphasis is on silvicultural, operational, and economic aspects of management, but social and...