Collaborative research initiatives between New Zealand’s fisheries management agencies and commercial fisher organisations are commonplace. This can be attributed to a combination of fisheries management institutions and processes that on the one hand create incentives for commercial fishers to take increasing responsibility for fisheries research and on the other hand...
Shetland is currently pioneering two innovations in fisheries management. The Shetland Regulating Order and the Community Fish Quota scheme are both certainly innovative, perhaps radical and may possibly become a model for other areas.
The Shetland Islands are often described as remote, barren and peripheral. From a fisheries perspective, however,...
Though the commercial value per pound of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) is greater than that of most target species in trawl fisheries off Alaska, halibut retention is prohibited for trawlers and individual groundfish target trawl fisheries are subject to closure if they attain either their seasonal or annual limit of...
Changes to New Zealands fisheries legislation provides for devolution of certain function duties and powers of the central government agency to the industry. Such a framework is creating considerable difficulty for decision-makers when developing implementation strategies. This paper reviews the innovations and approaches being taken to implement one of the...
Among other mechanisms, the Chilean fishing act established a system of extraordinary fishing permits (EFP) to access the fisheries in stage of recovery or incipient stage of development. The EFP entitles its holder the right to catch during 10 years a fraction of the global annual quota. The right is...
The Challenger Scallop Enhancement Company is a fishery self-governing organisation based around Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) property rights. The Company has direct responsibility for managing New Zealand’s largest scallop (Pecten novaezelandiae) fishery known as the Southern Scallop Fishery and is contracted to manage several others. The management framework in the...
Few doubt the need for government intervention to manage the use of fisheries resources. The nature of access to fisheries resources means that intervention is required to provide for optimal economic performance and to meet environmental objectives. Management authorities therefore spend considerable funds to conduct stock research, make decisions and...
After declining rapidly because of low fish stocks in the early 1970s, the Newfoundland fishery — harvesting and processing facilities, and employment — expanded severalfold during the four years following adoption of the 200-mile limit. The expansion collapsed into bankruptcy during the 1981 recession. Through government intervention the industry was...
Using a two-stage harvesting game, I model the political and economic incentives to overfish in a regulated, restricted access common property fishery with income supplements. As variable fishing effort is regulated and effort caps appear to be binding, I argue that social choice of political lobbying effort becomes the principal...
Due to the immanent common property problem of water, non-point-pollution is the common feature of many inland waters and the eutrophic levels are alarmingly high. drinking water and other services are negatively affected by high eutrophic levels fisheries. Concerning causes of pollution, agriculture, subject to overuse of fertilizer and pesticides,...
The evolution of management institutions for the British Columbia salmon fishery is examined, focussing on the period from 1900 to 1930. Various property rights allocations, including exclusive fishing rights, limited fishing licences, and limited processing licences were tried and abandoned, usually because of social and political pressures and lack of...
Abstract only. See the following for the published paper: T. Hennessey and M. Healey. 2000. Ludwig's ratchet and the collapse of New England groundfish stocks. Coastal Management 28:187-213
Rent-seeking in the U.S. Atlantic sea scallop fishery is described. Resource and trade disputes caused the U.S. fishing industry, including scallopers, to lobby Congress for extended federal jurisdiction in 1977. The sea scallop fishery soon overcapitalized as fishermen captured non-exclusive resource rents. Limited entry was introduced in 1994, but an...
This paper considers the regulation of a natural resource within a dynamic common agency framework. In setting harvest quotas, the regulator responds to lobbying pressure (contributions) from harvesters and conservationists. The truthful Markov perfect equilibrium stock is then an increasing function of the effective political weight for conservationists. Since the...
Pacific Salmon are anadromous fish that cross state and international boundaries in their oceanic migrations. Fish spawned in the rivers of one jurisdiction are vulnerable to harvest in other jurisdictions. The rocky history of attempts by the United States and Canada to cooperatively manage their respective salmon harvests suggests that...
Abstract only. For complete paper: M. C. Healey and T. Hennessey. 1998. The paradox of fairness: the impact of escalating complexity on fishery management. Marine Policy 22:109-118.
The research for this paper was triggered by a stunning judgement of the Icelandic Supreme Court in December 1998, which declared as unconstitutional existing fisheries laws on individual transferable quotas (ITQs), because they privileged those who derived their fishing rights from ownership of vessels during a specific period over which...
Apprentice programs offer a method to encourage responsible individual behavior by laying the foundation for successful collective property rights. Apprenticeship has three purposes: to restrict the rate of entry, to affect the quality of the participant, and to create the conditions for collective action for sustainability. Apprenticeship could be an...
Among the questions that ecosystem-based management raises for economists is how to partition uses of the many biological, chemical and physical attributes of marine ecosystems into sets of property rights that undergird total ocean wealth. An elemental basis of property rights for fisheries involves the interplay between ecological and technological...
This paper provides an overview of use rights, that sanction fishers, fisher groups and fishing communities to access and use fishery resources. The paper first reviews the various forms of use rights, ranging from access rights (territorial use rights and limited entry) to quantitative input (effort) and output (harvest) rights....
It is often said that the reason why Community-Based Fishery Management System (CBFM) in Japan has been well practiced is due to a historical development of a fishing right system, which emerged during her feudal era. This is not always correct. Until August 1945, when Japan was defeated in the...
The article examines the conditions under which community-based management or comanagement is likely to result in either (I)successful collaboration between a state agency and a local community or (ii) “capture” of a public agency by private or special interests. The article focuses on the role of state agencies in the...
This paper discusses the legal concepts of property and property rights and examines how the Australian courts perceive fishing entitlements (licences, ITQs and Individual Effort Units). On the basis of case law concerning the nature of other fishing entitlements, such as fishing licences, the courts are likely to find that...
The diplomatic corps of Iceland has used much of its time during the third quarter of the 20. century to convince other nations that Icelanders should control and utilise the resources of the waters within 12, then 50 and finally 200 nautical miles around the island. Icelandic politicians have used...
Economic analysis of fisheries management often relies on the assumption that some form of authority exists which will be able to take up the recommendations of economists, using adequate regulatory instruments. The discussion of management measures implicitly assumes that an external intervention will be possible - usually by the State...
Coastal and inland water areas in Finland have traditionally been under private ownership in conjunction with possession of land. Most of these water areas are managed jointly by the individual owners. In the late 20th century, an authoritative top-down management regime and regional decision-making layers were established and added to...
Fisheries co-management starts with the premise that stakeholders have the innate capacity to improve resource condition as well as the welfare of the society. If this is true, there is a need for rapid and substantial devolution of fisheries management institutions. The main purpose of this study was to examine...
The method of constructing scenarios is neither straightforward nor unproblematic. We propose first of all the term epistemic closure for representing the necessary methodological limitations of scenario construction. Whenever a particular kind of epistemic closure becomes a habit within some field of scenario-making, we use the term conventional scenarios. The...
The current U.S. moratorium on implementation of new Individual Quota (IQ) programs has left fishery managers without an important tool in the quest for successful management systems. Meanwhile, many fisheries, such as the west coast groundfish fishery, are in desperate need of capacity reduction and more flexible management.
The Pacific...
Since 1979, the United States has been collecting data on marine recreational angling with the Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistical Survey (MRFSS). To enable the estimation of travel cost models of recreational demand the base MRFSS survey has been amended to include necessary data elements. Additionally, data is collected that will...
The survey, commencing in May 2000, is the first broad based national recreational fishing survey of its kind in Australia. While primarily designed to provide biologic and fisher participant data, it provides a platform for the collection of data applicable to economic policy questions.
The survey methodology is based on...
This paper focus on motivation factors for market oriented value adding (MOVA) in the fishing industry of the limited fish resources. Analytical the paper interpreter the market orientation concept into the Structure- Conduct-Performance model from industrial economics. It shows that most established fisheries management systems as Olympic style, licenses and...
In April 1997, the Council of the European Union (EU) initiated a debate about Community fishing agreements (CFAs). In its conclusions, the Council invited "the Commission to undertake an analysis of the costs and benefits of fishing agreements with the Community". The overall aim is to provide pertinent information to...
Fisheries resource management in Malawi, has so far gone through three types of management systems which can effectively be defined, if not more. In the pre-colonial era, fisheries resource management was under the control of traditional leaders, which fall under the Community Based Natural Resource Management System. Thereafter, up to...
This paper presents the results of a 1999 survey to determine the economic value of the recreational fishery in New Zealand for five species, snapper (Chrysphrys autratus), kingfish (Seriola lalandi lalandi), kahawai (Arripis trutta), blue cod (Parapercis colias) and rock lobster (Jasus edwadsii and Jasus verreauxi). Contingent valuation methods were...
The recent expansion of the longline commercial fishery has heightened the conflicts among various fisheries in Hawaii, especially between longliners and non-longline commercial (troll and handline) and recreational fishing boats. The recent court ruling against longline fishing on some waters around Hawaiian islands may provide an impetus for the expansion...
The United States has been collecting supplemental economic information in addition to biological catch and effort data from saltwater recreational anglers. This supplemental information was collected to enable the estimation of travel cost models of recreation demand. This paper will discuss in detail the data that is available and the...
This paper reports on the valuation of the marine halibut and salmon sport fishery of central and lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. The project was designed to simulate changes in economic value and regional economic impacts for environmental analysis but has also been used in fishery allocation management. This study develops...
While overfishing frequently is explained in terms of «the Tragedy of the
Commons» model, it is argued that the economic causes of such long-run resource problems could be more accurately characterised in terms of a «Tragedy of High Prices» due to landings prices exceeding fishing costs at
the socially optimal...
Fisheries management as we know it today is in a perpetual state of crisis because it is fatally flawed. Fisheries management will increasingly fail to prevent species decline, and even exacerbate those declines, unless it adopts new institutional priorities and methodologies based not on the prevalent “Industrial Model,” which is...
The Market Quota System (MQS) is a free market style public resource tool. It can be applied to any public resource, such as fisheries, forestry, minerals, and even such things as airport runway scheduling slots, or taxi licenses etc. Any time that a public resource is sought after by private...
Lake Chad is a vitally important wetland in the semi-arid Sahel corridor. It provides the basis of many thousands of livelihoods which depend on its seasonal fluctuations to renew fish stocks, farmland and rangeland. This paper describes how the institutions which govern access to fishing rights has evolved on the...
For more than a century, politicians, newspaper editors, tate and federal fisheries managers, and their various constituencies with an interest in salmon have complained,lobbied and petitioned, sought legislative relief, and studied to near extinction the declining runs of the Pacific Northwest’s anadromous fish runs. All to no avail, of course....
A logical analysis of the common fisheries models used in stock assessment has shown that they produce specific predictions with the logical form of existential statements, fail Karl Popper’s falsifiability criterion, and so cannot be falsified or tested by the empirical evidence. By contrast, the theoretical models of fisheries economics...
This paper is a case study of the interrelationship between public policy and species decline in the oyster industry of Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, in the late 19th century, with some attention paid to the first decade of the 20th century. It examines the nature of the many regulatory shifts...
The question arises for fishery managers as to whether or not there are observable and measurable attributes of the skipper or vessel that fishery managers can monitor and possibly regulate to control expansions in fishing capacity from this source. This paper addresses this neglected issue of resource management through a...
To reduce fleet capacity in European fisheries is an important objective of the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy. The success of such programmes depends both on the variation and the level of efficiency within the fishing fleets. If vessels with significantly lower efficiency level than average are decommissioned, the actual...
A primal formulation has been used to estimate a translog production function that includes fishing effort and fisherman’s skill as production factors. The selected functional form permits the analysis of the substitution possibilities among production inputs composing effort by calculating the Allen elasticity of substitution. Particular attention is paid to...
This paper analyzes spatial patterns of exploitation in the California sea urchin fishery using two different econometric approaches: a Poisson/SUR model of monthly observations and a micro-level Nested Logit model of individual harvester daily decisions. Each model is used to simulate the spatial distribution of fishing effort. The models are...