Six salmonid cell lines previously established in this laboratory,
CHSE 114 and CHSE 214 (chinook salmon), CSE 119 (coho salmon),
SSE 5 (sockeye salmon), STE 137 (steelhead trout) and RTH 149 (rainbow
trout), were partially characterized. Mycoplasmas were not
detected in any of the cell lines.
All cell lines exhibited...
Fish, asymptomatically infected with Enteric Redmouth
Bacterium (ERMB), were tested for their ability to transmit
bacteria to non-infected fish. Unstressed carrier fish
were unable to transmit enough bacteria to cause
epizootics or produce carrier fish. However, when the
ERMB carriers were stressed with heat, sufficient bacteria
were shed to infect...
Experiments were designed to more precisely evaluate the effects of water temperature on the progress of bacterial kidney disease ( BKD) in three species of salmonid fishes. Infections were produced by intraperitoneal injection of suspensions of the causative organism into fish held at seven temperatures ranging from 3.9 to 20.5°C....
Fish diseases and various parameters associated with disease
caused mortality of fish were monitored at the Oregon State University
Marine Science Center and at a private mariculture facility on
Yaquina Bay during a period of five years. Nearly all disease problems
observed were caused by Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio spp....
Unfertilized ova from spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) were examined for the presence of classical salmonid
inmmunoglobulin. Immunodiffusion techniques in which rabbit anti-salmonid
immunoglobulin was reacted against an ova homogenate
and rabbit anti-ova homogenate was reacted against immune chinook
serum failed to detect classical-type antibodies within these eggs.
A lectin...
This study was undertaken to compile a comprehensive
review of the literature and to gain a better understanding
of the host-parasite relationship in corynebacterial kidney
disease of salmonid fishes. An indirect fluorescent antibody
technique was developed which allowed differentiation
of intra- and extracellular bacteria. This technique was
used in combination...
An additional layer, exterior to the outer membrane cellwall
layer, was found on Aeromonas salmonicida cells from aggregating
strains. Nonaggregating strains were found to lack this layer.
The nonaggregating strains were all avirulent (LD₅₀
greater than
1 X 10
⁸ CFU/fish) while the majority of the aggregating strains
were virulent...
A comparison of the agglutinating and precipatiating
antigens of Enteric Redmouth Bacterium (ERMB) was made.
There are two major and one minor agglutinating antigens
which describe two serotypes (I and II). Only serotype I
metabolizes sorbitol. A bacterin from serotype I cross
protected against a challenge of bacteria of serotype...
Phenol-water and trichloroacetic acid extracts of Vibrio
anguillarum were both antigenic and immunogenic when injected
into coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Cross-protection against
virulent Vibrio anguillarum was observed with whole-cell bacterins
and phenol-water extracts prepared from two serologically distinct
groups. Gel diffusion studies indicated that intact somatic antigens
were serotype specific....
The distribution in Oregon of two viruses affecting salmonid
fishes was determined by examination of hatchery and feral fish.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated from fish
at the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Laboratory,
Corvallis, Roaring River, Fort Klamath, and Wizard Falls Hatcheries.
Fish collected at...
The occurrence and distribution of fish viruses in Oregon were
determined by the examination of anadromous and fresh water salmonids.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated and
identified from asymptomatic adult coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and
chinook (0. tshawytscha) salmon returning to the Columbia River
system. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus...
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were orally
immunized against the bacterium Flexibacter columnaris (formerly
Chondrococcus columnaris), the causative agent of columnaris disease
in fish, with a vaccine-food preparation containing formalin-killed
cells. Fish immunized for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months were challenged
with selected concentrations of F. columnaris by exposure...
The purpose of this study was to find what effect temperature
and immunization has on the phagocytic activity of fish leukocytes
against certain disease causing bacteria. Also proposed was the
isolation and characterization of a leukocytolytic factor produced by
one of these bacteria, Aeromonas salmonicida.
Investigations revealed that temperature had...
Efficacious vaccines were developed for the control of Vibrio
anguillarum, the etiological agent of vibriosis in salmonid fish.
These bacterins can be administered either orally or parenterally.
It was determined that both formalin-killed lyophilized whole cells
and wet-packed whole cells of the organism are effective oral immunogens.
Intraperitoneal injection of...
The detection and antigenic nature of the causative Corynebacterium
of bacterial kidney disease and chemotherapy of this disease
in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were examined.
Each of 207 yearling coho salmon collected from a population
undergoing a severe epizootic of bacterial kidney disease were examined
for the presence of...
The Boivin agent from Vibrio anguillarum was extracted with the use of 0.25M trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Chemical analysis revealed that the endotoxin contained approximately 35.1% protein, 18.1% carbohydrate, 39.3% lipid, 1.8% glucosamine and evidence of ethanolamine. Sixteen different amino acids made up the protein. The aliphatic amino acid concentration was...
An oral vaccine was developed for control of vibriosis
in Pacific salmon. The vaccine consists of a lyophilized
sonicate of cells of Vibrio anguillarum, the causative
agent of this disease. The preparation was incorporated
into a ration and fed to salmon in fresh water before the
fish were transported and...
The purpose of this study was to characterize Cytophaga
psychrophila isolates obtained from coho fingerlings with low temperature
disease collected at selected hatcheries in Oregon. In
addition, cultures thought to be related to this bacterium were
isolated from Siletz Hatchery water, deformed juvenile and spawning
adult coho salmon, rainbow and...
