Environmental concerns about urban air quality, global climate change, energy
security and economic considerations motivate a growing interest in alternative fuels for
the transportation sector. Ethanol, a fermentation-derived fuel, can be produced by
bioconversion of renewable materials, such as wood, grass, and waste. Combustion of
ethanol fuel, in both neat...
The inner bark of Douglas-fir was successively extracted with ethanol-water (4:1 v/v), benzene-ethanol (2:1, v./iv), water, and 0.5% aqueous ammonium oxalate solution. The residue was reacted with acidified sodium chlorite, a commonly used reagent to separate lignin from carbohydrates. In general the reaction dissolves the lignin and leaves the carbohydrates...