This is a listing of both PhD and Master's· theses relating to the areas of forestry issued during the period from July 1976 to June 1981. The
list is arranged first by state, then by college or university within each state. Authors of theses are arranged alphabetically under each of...
In the last 20 years, a considerable volume of literature has emerged with respect to the efficacy of the market place in the allocation of water resources. Economists have been very willing to apply their tools of optimization in a comparative statics framework to indicate that any resource can be...
The research effort described in this report explores the whole question of optimization of irrigation system design, planning and operations. Optimum irrigation practices, in theory, may involve some degree of deficit irrigation (deliberate under-irrigation of crops), hence the focus of this research was the use of deficit irrigation under practical...
Negative feedback has become ubiquitous in science both as a
technique and as a conceptual tool. As a technique, negative feedback
has a long history; devices based in its use were made in
antiquity. It has only been during the last century, however, that
rigorous quantitiative methods have become associated...
The purpose of insect and disease damage surveys is to estimate losses caused by various pests, so that the land manager can prescribe appropriate management action. Systematic ground data collection systems provide to the land manager loss data that can be used for cost benefit analysis, management plans, environmental impact...
The mountain pine beetle infestation in Corral, Little Corral, and Cache Creeks on the Crow Indian Reservation, Montana has been increasing for the past several years. Trees killed per acre averaged 38.8 in 1979. Our predictions for the future trend of the infestation, plus management alternatives to lessen its severity,...
Residual Douglas-fir left after harvesting are dwarf mistletoe-infected and pose a threat to regeneration. Felling of residuals, coupled with planned slash disposal and thinning, will effectively reduce dwarf mistletoe intensity and increase future volume yields. The benefit/cost ratio based on timber values only, for the current rotation, is 0.041/1 at...
Western spruce budworm defoliated area in the Northern Region has differed significantly across three discrete geographic zones during the past decade. Aerially visible defoliation in northern Idaho increased from 1.7 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.2 million acres in 1974, and declined to none in 1979. Defoliated...
Thirty permanent mountain pine beetle population trend plots were established in each of six areas in the state in 1979. Infestation levels ranged from 0 to 47.8 new attacks per acre. The potential for increased mortality is considered high for all areas. Each area will be evaluated for 5 years...
This evaluation showed that Bt provided measurable foliage protection 1 year after treatment, but no differences were evident after 2 years. We recommend future Bt tests include postspray population measurements in the pupal and/or adult, and/or egg stage, and that foliage protection be measured the following year. The effects of...
In spruce budworm damaged areas, height growth loss can be a major factor in stand development. This survey was confined to top-killed trees. Estimates on height growth loss or nontop-killed trees was not attempted. Although spruce did not have as high a percentage of trees top-killed as the true firs,...
A pilot survey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using multistage sampling techniques to measure annual and cumulative mortality on a State-wide basis with acceptable statistical reliability, timeliness, and cost. Within the State of Montana, aerial surveys showed about 986,000 acres of lodgepole pine infested with mountain pine beetle....
Insect damage was extensive to Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, western white pine, and western larch cones at most seed production areas surveyed in 1979. From 70 to 100 percent of the cones from several collecting periods were injured. Moderate damage (40-70 percent of cones injured) occurred to Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, western...
Insects and diseases have the potential of seriously affecting timber associated resources on eastside forests within the foreseeable future. Within the past decade, lodgepole pine mortality attributed to the mountain pine beetle has totaled tens of millions of trees on the Gallatin and Beaverhead National Forests (NF) alone. In that...
An evaluation was conducted at the USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, to quantify the occurrence of diseases in the spring 1984 crop of containerized Engelmann spruce seedlings. The crop included 19 separate seedlots from seven National Forests in the Northern Region. An overall production rate of 94.5 percent...
Mortality of containerized western white pine seedlings outplanted on the Bonners Ferry Ranger District, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, was probably due to extensive root infection by Fusarium oxysporum. Diseased seedlings had chlorotic foliage, needle tip dieback, and severe twisting of the needles that indicated wilting. Most root tips of diseased...
Needlecast caused by Meria laricis caused serious losses of 2-0 bareroot western larch during 1983 at the USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Cool, wet weather throughout the spring and summer of 1983 was ideal for disease buildup and spread. Control attempts with fungicides were largely unsuccessful because of...
Two blends (Natural and Phillips) of the western pine shoot borer pheromone, formulated as Hercon Luretape, were applied to six ponderosa pine plantations in northern Idaho and western Montana in 1984. The treatment was approximately 21.6 grams of pheromone per hectare. Significant reductions in damage have occurred in all treated...
Five seedlots of Colorado blue spruce and three seedlots of Black Hills spruce were sampled for Fusarium contamination. All seedlots contained some seed and/or debris with Fusarium. Levels of contamination were greatly reduced by treating seed with running water rinses for 48 hours or with chemical sterilants such as sodium...
An evaluation during the summer of 1985 showed that parasites were still exerting control on the larch casebearer on the Flathead NF. Parasitism ranged from 4 to 60 percent and averaged 25.2 percent in the 12 areas surveyed. Four species of parasites were involved. The most abundant was Agathis pumila...
A rare outbreak of hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae Middleton, was detected in August in drainages near the Canadian border in Idaho infesting several thousand acres. Some stands of western hemlock and subalpine fir were severely defoliated. Understory Engelmann spruce trees were lightly defoliated. The sawfly overwinters in the egg stage...
Two thousand and thirty-nine trees on 213 plots are being monitored yearly for
root disease infection and mortality. Three compartments on the Fernan Ranger
District of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests are the site of the project.
Relationships between factors such as species, aspect, slope, elevation,
habitat type, stand appearance...
A root disease evaluation was completed for the Ducharme logging unit near the southeast corner of Flathead Lake. Extensive root disease was found on Douglas-fir throughout the unit. The major pathogen on the site was Armillaria meilea. Black stain (Verticicladiella sp.) was isolated from one tree which was also infected...
Residual Douglas-fir are dwarf mistletoe-infested and pose a threat to regeneration. Felling of these residuals will reduce dwarf mistletoe intensity and increase future volume yields. The benefit/cost ratio at 4 percent for the current rotation is 0.51/1 on the Sula RD and 0.45/1 on the Darby RD (both negative ratios)....
An impact survey to determine extent and distribution of root disease centers was completed for the Nezperce National Forest, Idaho, in 1980. Lowlevel
color infrared photography was used to delineate root disease centers
within National Forest inventory subcompartments. Suspected root disease
centers were ground checked to determine associated fungi and...
Two methods attempting to stop marginal spread of a root disease center in Douglas-fir were evaluated within the Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana. The first method was to cut all living trees within a 1-chain strip outside the edge of the infestation. The second method was to uproot all trees for...
Six Montana areas in which permanent mountain pine beetle trend plots were established in 1979 were revisited in 1980. Results of the visit show infestation intensity decreased significantly in Centennial Valley, decreased slightly in the Madison River plot area, and increased almost threefold in the Murr Creek area. Beetle populations...
Residual Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine are dwarf mistletoe-infested and pose a threat to existing regeneration. Felling or girdling these residuals, along with sanitation/thinning of dense patches of regeneration, will reduce dwarf mistletoe intensity and increase future volume yields. Present net worth of the projects ranges from -$1 to $39 per...
Cooperative Forestry and Pest Management conducted a pilot control project in central Montana to determine the effectiveness of two commercial formulations of BaaiUus th,uringiensis Berliner applied at 8 billiori international units (BIU) per acre (19.8 BIU per hectare) when used under operational conditions against the western spruce budworm, Choristoneu:roa ocaidentalis...
Tests were conducted to determine levels of tolerance of 10 Botrytis cinerea isolates from the Flathead Indian Reservation greenhouse (Ronan, MT) to six fungicides. In vitro growth and conidial germination on fungicide-amended potato dextrose agar were used as criteria for assessing tolerance. All tested isolates were tolerant to benomyl and...
Six fungicides were evaluated to control Botrytis blight of western 41 larch in seedbeds at the Coeur d'Alene Nursery. Fungicides were applied at biweekly intervals during the spring of 1982; test seedlings were inoculated with spores of B. cinerea twice during the evaluation period. Seedling mortality and height were recorded...
Douglas-fir beetle has increased to epidemic levels in mature-overmature Douglas-fir that has been top killed by western spruce budworm. About 42 trees per acre have been killed in an area at Lyon's Face and 36 trees per acre in other areas along the Madison River during the past 3 years....
Fungi associated with cankers of Russian-olive seedlings at the Montana State Nursery, Missoula, were investigated. Phomopsis elaeagni was most often isolated from and fruiting on cankers. Other associated fungi were Phoma herbarum, P. eupyrena, P. chrysanthemicola, P. exigua, Alternaria alternate, Epicoccum nigrum, and Fusarium moniliforme. Because of its common occurrence...
Residual Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine are dwarf mistletoe-infested and pose a threat to existing regeneration. Felling or girdling these residuals, along with sanitation/thinning of dense patches of regeneration, will reduce dwarf mistletoe intensity and increase future volume yields. Present net worth of the project is $0.50/acre. Benefit/cost ratio is 1.01/1....
Needle tip dieback of 2-0 ponderosa pine seedlings at the Coeur d'Alene Nursery was investigated. Organisms associated with dieback symptoms were identified and infected trees were transplanted to determine disease effects on survival. The major fungus colonizing necrotic needles was Lophodermium nitens, a close associate of L. pinastri. The fungus...
Five fungicides were evaluated to control Botrytis blight of containerized western larch seedlings at the Champion Timberlands Nursery, Plains, MT. Fungicides were applied at biweekly intervals before and after seedling inoculation with Botrytis. Vinclozolin (Ornalin®) caused severe phytotoxicity to seedlings, resulting in enhanced mortality and premature needle loss. Captan and...
Root diseases were evaluated on the Reuben's Reserve, Nez Perce Indian Reservation, Idaho. Nineteen trees adjacent to two suspected root disease centers were pushed with a D-6 tractor to expose their root systems. Extent of root necrosis and decay was determined and related to level of crown thinning, chlorosis, and...
Douglas-fir tussock moth populations are monitored annually in northern Idaho and western Montana to insure early detection of changes from endemic to outbreak population levels. Adult moth trapping in 1982 was intensified and expanded into additional areas from 1981 because of concern that with each passing year the probability of...
A survey for incidence and distribution of root diseases was conducted on the Kootenai National Forest using timber inventory subcompartments as primary sample units. Root diseases were located within 23 of 75 sampled subcompartments. At least 1.1 percent of the commercial forest lands within the Forest are infested with root...
For the fourth year since their establishment, the six permanent plot locations in Montana were revisited following beetle flight in 1982.Beetle populations remained low in five of the six areas. Only in the Murr Creek plots did newly attacked trees represent an epidemic beetle population. In the Centennial Valley location,...
Root disease of 2-0 western white pine seedlings occurred at the Coeur d'Alene Nursery in 1982 within seedbeds fumigated with methyl bromide and chloropicrin. Although losses were not substantial, there were several groups of dead seedlings within affected seedbeds. Fusarium oxysporum was most often isolated from diseased roots. Other Fusarium...
An investment is an expenditure made with expectation of future gains, financial or otherwise. Dwarf mistletoe management, and even forest management itself, often involves investment for social and community benefits without expectations of direct financial gain. The USDA Forest Service Northern Region's dwarf mistletoe program, 1966 to 1981, is used...