Published May 1999. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Blood levels of the egg yolk precursor vi-
tellogenin (VTG) can be used as a definitive marker for
the onset and progress of maturation in female teleosts.
In the present study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) was developed to measure VTG in blood
plasma from three species of temperate basses....
Accurate ship velocity is important for determining absolute currents from acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements. In this paper, the authors describe the application of two methods to improve the quality of ship velocity estimates. The first uses wide-area differential global positioning system (WADGPS) navigation to improve ship positioning. During...
Published May 1999. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised May 1999. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Most expressions for infiltration rely upon the assumption of vertical uniformity in soil texture and hydraulic properties. We present an extension of the results of Beven [1982, 1984] for infiltration and lateral flow in soils with decreasing permeability with depth. Unlike Beven, we base the derivations upon joint changes in...
The disease cycle for eastern filbert blight requires 2 or more years, including a 12- to 15-month latent period when no visible
symptoms can be detected. In the spring, spores are ejected forcibly (squirted) into the wind and rain. These spores then spread to
young, developing shoots. Infection occurs during...
There are many parallels between the 1978 legislation to expand Redwood National Park and the Northwest Forest Plan, which together with the Northwest Economic Adjustment Initiative formed the 1993 Pacific Northwest Initiative. In both situations, the Federal Government sought to promote retraining for displaced workers, to undertake watershed assessment and...
Tomatoes are the most popular vegetable in the home garden. They’re a tasty fruit, and they supply vitamin C as well as many minerals needed for proper nutrition. They’re eaten fresh from the garden and processed in several ways for later use.
Two methods of electro-optically characterizing alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices are investigated: photo-induced transferred charge (PIQ) and luminescence (PIL), and subthreshold voltage-induced transferred charge (VIQ) techniques. Both techniques provide information related to traps within the phosphor layer. PIQ/PIL experiments monitor the transport of electrons and holes across the phosphor layer...
The ability to interpret graphical information is a prime concern in physics as
graphs are widely used to give quick summaries of data sets, for pattern recognition, and for analysis of information. While visual graphs have been developed so that their content can be readily and concisely discerned, there is...
Soil organic carbon (SOC, kg C m-2) is an important component in evaluating global C stores. The nitrogen (TN, kg N m"2) cycle is closely linked to C and understanding its role is also important. Contents and distributions of SOC and TN in soil profiles, to 1-meter depth, were estimated...
Vaccinia virus encodes at least eight proteins that are modified post-translationally by the addition of a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid through thioester linkage to cysteine residues. This is referred to as palmitylation of proteins. The purpose of this work was to gain an understanding of palmitylation, focusing on what defined...
Effects of 4-inch (10.16 cm) suction dredge mining on benthic macroinvertebrates in 3rd to 4th order streams were investigated in 1996 by evaluating four mining claim operations in Althouse Creek, Sucker Creek, and Taylor Creek in southwestern Oregon's Rogue River basin. The effects were site-specific. The study showed no significant...
The feminist beliefs of abortion service providers and the effects of these beliefs on the delivery of health care to patients is examined by the author who is herself a feminist and member of an abortion clinic staff. Discussion includes abortion rates, abortion safety, characteristics of patients, and accessibility of...
Monitoring, diagnosis and prediction of failures play key roles in automatic supervision of machine tools. They have received much attention because of the potential for reduced maintenance expenses, down time, and an increase in the equipment utilization level. At present, signal analysis techniques are predominantly used. But methods involving system...
An experiment was established in 1992 in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains of California to assess the effects of high levels of surface organic residues, severely compacted soil, and shrub competition on the development of mixed conifer plantations. This study was conducted in 1997 to determine if selected combinations of...
This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and student involvement among American college sophomore women. Self-esteem is defined as "a positive or negative attitude toward the self" (Rosenberg, 1989, xxviii). Student involvement is defined as the amount of time a student spends actively involved in various activities in college (Astin,...
The purpose of this thesis was to gain insight into why female college students initiate smoking. This study examined the major factors influencing the formation of such habit among this group. The tool used to study these factors was the questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered to randomly selected female students on...
In 1992, hundreds of buildings in Taiwan were discovered to have ⁶⁰Co contamination in the structural rebar. The contamination resulted from improper handling of ⁶⁰Co contaminated scrap metal in 1982 and 1983 that was subsequently recycled and used throughout Taiwan. One example was the Hsin-hsin Kindergarten (HHK) school which had...
Fire exclusion in the western U.S.A. has caused fuel loads to build up and overall forest health to decline. Managers are now looking for ways to reduce these fuel loads while reintroducing some of the desired effects of natural wildfire. One method to do this is thinning using mechanical harvesting...
Mars Pathfinder successfully landed at Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997, deployed and navigated
a small rover about l00 m clockwise around the lander, and collected data from three science
instruments and ten technology experiments. The mission operated for three months and returned
2.3 Gbits of data, including over 16,500...
The NASA Ames Mars General Circulation Model is used to interpret selected results from the Mars Pathfinder atmospheric structure instrument/meteorology (ASI/MET) experiment. The present version of the model has an improved soil thermal model, a new boundary layer scheme, and a correction for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects at solar wavelengths....
The pesticide carbaryl is applied annually to tidelands in Willapa Bay and Grays
Harbor, WA to control populations of burrowing shrimp which modify sediments making
the habitat unsuitable for oyster culture. Fish trapped on sprayed mudflats are often killed,
but little is known about effects on fish present in subtidal...
We have developed crown-gall resistant transgenic plants capable of suppressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA oncogenes. Crown gall tumors result from overproduction of auxin and cytokinin in plant cells transformed by A. tumefaciens. High phytohormone levels result from expression of two auxin biosynthetic genes, tryptophan monooxygenase (iaaM) and indole acetamide hydrolase (iaaH),...
Here we report results from an extensive survey of
dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Arctic Ocean, which
was achieved by means of a high-resolution, in situ UV fluorometer
deployed on a nuclear submarine. Based on a strong
linear correlation observed between fluorescence (320 nm excitation,
420 nm emission) and...
This thesis seeks to explain how Lord George Gordon
Byron achieves catharsis through the writing of his truth
in Don Juan. In the poem the narrator expresses Byron's
innermost emotion while at the same time the protagonist,
Juan, relates to readers on a more conscious level. The
ability that Byron...
The use of consultation as a means of delivering educational
instruction to students with disabilities in the general physical education
setting is becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and is most
frequently operationalized in a triadic model. In this model the adapted
physical educator serves as the consultant, the...
Instruction in a University Honors College was evaluated using Small Group Instructional Diagnosis (SGID), a qualitative evaluation process. Fifty-one class sections were evaluated over a three-year period to determine what worked to help students learn, what did not work, and suggestions for improvement. Seven instructors used both SGID and an...
Coral reef ecosystems are the oceanic equivalent of tropical rainforests, in terms of biodiversity. The estimated 1,037,000 square kilometers worldwide of reef provide
habitat for over one million species of plants and animals (Hinrichsen, 1997). Coral reefs are important to the economy of coastal nations because of the fisheries and...
Declining harvest levels, static agency research budgets, and increasing tension among scientists, managers, and industry members are the legacy of the present research and management institutions in the West Coast groundfish fishery. Cooperative research, the active participation of the commercial fishing industry in scientific research, is receiving increased attention as...
Tn5 mutagenesis of apdA (for antibiotic production) and deletion of
gacA (for global antibiotic and cyanide) resulted in the same pleiotropic phenotype in
Pseudomonas fluorescens (i.e. production of an array of secondary metabolites
including the antibiotics pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol as
well as a tryptophan-side-chain oxidase, hydrogen cyanide, and an...
In order to examine the potential impact of military jet overflights and other disturbances on productivity of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), we observed behavioral reactions of peregrines to disturbances at nests along the Tanana River, Alaska during the 1995-1997 breeding seasons. Military jets conducted low-altitude flights over a sample of...
This thesis examines the interconnection between the in vitro and in
vivo phosphorylation of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase. The first goal
of the project was to show whether a novel site of rabbit muscle
phosphofructokinase that is subject to in vitro phosphorylation, serine 376,
may also become phosphorylated in vivo. Evidence...
The performance of the meat products industry, the largest food processing sector in the U.S. in terms of shipment value, is an important issue. A key indicator of its performance is productivity growth, which results in reduction in the cost of production at given input prices. The present study employs...
The electronegativities of -SF₅, -CF₃SO₂, and -SO₂F have been measured with gas phase X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Of these three groups previously measured values were found only for -SF₅. The electronegativities of -Cl, -Br, -CF₃, and -CF₃, were concurrently measured to determine how the findings of this research compare with other...
Immersion energies of atoms in a jellium environment were calculated using density functional theory and the Kohn-Sham (KS) equations. It was found that the KS scheme does not destroy an existing axial symmetry of the electron structure of the impurity atom. The definition of phase shifts was extended to those...
Aggregation and species association of 9 species of phytophagous and
predaceous mites were studied for 6 yr in an orchard with 100, 2 m tall 'Red
Delicious' apple trees. To quantify aggregation, a method was developed that is
powerful, and easily interpreted. It relates the proportion of habitat occupied to...
Rotating wheat with other crops is a common practice in the Willamette Valley of
western Oregon. Depending upon previous crop and soil type, current N fertilizer
recommendations for wheat in the Willamette Valley vary widely. Excessive fertilizer
poses environmental risk, whereas lower N inputs than required by the crop represent...
Probabilistic inference using Bayesian networks is now a well-established approach for reasoning under uncertainty. Among many e ciency-driven tech- niques which have been developed, the Optimal Factoring Problem (OFP) is distinguished for presenting a combinatorial optimization point of view on the problem. The contribution of this thesis is to extend...
I classified the environment of the Klamath Mountains region into physical habitat types using climate and soil variables and a geographic information system (GIS). I used principal components analysis to find four variables representing most regional climate variation: average annual precipitation, the difference between December and July precipitation, average annual...
Researching what I believe to be exclusionary practices in higher education against
African Americans has compelled me to approach this subject, in part, historically.
Although I realize that a historical chronology of any subject is often deceptive, as with
any writer, I am tempted to interpret events to fit my...
We have conducted a full-time program of vegetable crop research at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center (formerly the North Willamette Experiment Station) since 1976. The Center, a branch of both Oregon State University's Agricultural Experiment Station and its Extension Service, is just north of Aurora, a historic farming...
Although boron has many advantages as a wood preservative, this chemical performs poorly in leaching exposures. In this study, we investigated the potential for decreasing the leachability of boron preservatives with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Southern pine (Pinus spp.) test samples impregnated with combinations of sodium borate or boric acid and...
Diffuse reflectance records from Feni Drift in the North Atlantic faithfully record sediment percent carbonate. A high-resolution, reflectance-based age model for these sediments derived from an orbitally tuned age model for western equatorial Atlantic, Ceara Rise sediments was generated by spectral frequency mapping. Power spectra of the Feni Drift record...
This case study describes the challenges that con-front the German publishing industry as it attempts to implement environmentally responsible purchas-ing of paper. German consumers are considered leaders in environmental awareness, and many actively sup-port environmental organizations. This case focuses on how industry and individual companies have responded to demands from...
Bangladesh lies almost entirely on the delta of three major rivers: the Padma (the
Ganges), the Jamuna (the Brahmaputra), and the Meghna. A considerable portion of
Bangladesh has been repeatedly devastated by floods associated with cyclonic storm
surges along its coastal islands and riverine flooding along the rivers traversing the...
High-quality forages, such as alfalfa and grasses, are important for efficient milk production from dairy cows. Forages provide the effective fiber that is critical for good health and longevity. Inadequate
effective fiber in the cow’s diet is one reason for acidosis and milk fat
depression. Historically, when forage quality changed,...
A high-resolution upper-ocean survey of a cyclonic jet meander and an adjacent cyclonic eddy in the California Current region near 38°N, 126°W was conducted as part of the summer of 1993 Eastern Boundary Currents program. Temperature and salinity were measured from a SeaSoar vehicle, and velocity was measured by shipboard...
Measurements of a fresh surface anomaly (fresh lens) produced by rainfall during a westerly wind burst have been analyzed. The measurements were made in December 1992 as part of the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment in the western equatorial Pacific (2°S, 156°E). Measurements included radar estimates of rainfall, upper-ocean temperature (T),...
Published April 1999. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1999. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. or Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot, also called Italian rye grass) is a cool season annual bunchgrass native to southern Europe. It is closely related to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Both are widely distributed throughout the world, including North and South America,...
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is native to western and central Europe, but has been grown in North America for more than 200 years. In the 1830s, settlers in western
Virginia recognized the forage value of shade tolerant
D. glomerata plants growing in an orchard.
A constructed wetland receiving pasture runoff from a dairy in Tillamook, OR was monitored during the winter of 1997-98 in order to estimate coliform treatment efficiency during winter high flow periods. Monitoring occurred during four sampling periods, each lasting 2 to 4 days. Samples were taken every two hours from...
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a perennial, cool-season bunchgrass that is grown for pasture, hay, and silage. Native to Europe and North Africa, it was introduced from Europe to North and South America.
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), also called English ryegrass, is a cool-season perennial bunchgrass native to Europe, temperate Asia, and North Africa. It is widely distributed throughout the world, including North and South America, Europe, New Zealand, and Australia.
As the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management turn toward ecosystem and adaptive models of forest stewardship, they are being called on to develop meaningful and lasting relations with citizens. These new management styles require not only improved strategies for public involvement but also methods to examine the...
To identify novel host genetic resistance to eastern filbert blight, caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Muller, ninety European hazelnut {Corylus avellana L.) varieties and interspecific hybrids (with C. americana Marsh, or C. colurna L.) were screened for response to the eastern filbert blight pathogen after inoculation in...
Concern over the incidental catch of non-targeted species in commercial and
recreational fisheries has greatly increased. Public attention, negative publicity,
controversies between differing fisheries and gear groups and the reauthorization of the
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act have led to an increased
awareness of the issue. The Pacific halibut...
This study investigated the beliefs and classroom practices of four teachers who had used graphing calculators in their teaching for a minimum of three years prior to the study and at least one prior year in the teaching of second year algebra. The persistence criteria, prior experience utilizing graphing calculators...
With increasing numbers ofpeople entering the geriatric years, long-term care facilities need to maximize nutrition services with decreasing malnutrition problem due to poor food intake. This research determines extent ofuse and perceived effectiveness of food intake enhancement strategies in long-term care. Obstacles to implementing strategies and training to teach staff...
Time is the educational resource educators most desire, but which is
in shortest supply. Educators cannot add more days to the 12-month
calendar year, or minutes to the day. Whatever control is to be had over the
calendar and clock rests in the way time is managed by those in...
The Absaroka volcanic province is the largest of Eocene volcanic fields in the northern Cordillera of the western U.S., and consists of 25,000 km2 of lava flows, shallow intrusions, ash-flow tuffs and volcaniclastic deposits. It is aligned with northwest-trending Precambrian lineaments, and includes the remains of at least ten volcanic...
The Columbia River system in the Pacific Northwest is currently comprised of a series of
reservoirs, resulting from regulation of river flow due to a series of hydroelectric dams.
A return to pre-dam conditions might improve salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) survival rates
and increase migration efficiency. This study modeled both historic...
Solid phases that form under the influence of changing environmental conditions often record such changes in their chemical composition. Quantification of these compositional variations is invaluable in reconstructing paleoenvironmental changes. Laser ablation, employed as a solid sample introduction system, offers fine spatial resolution (50 - 250 [mu]m) for spectroscopic analysis...
This research was motivated by the use of multi-track feeders in the printed
circuit board (PCB) assembly. In a low volume, high mix production environment,
setup time is usually considered more important than processing time. Implementation
of multi-track feeders not only increases the capacity of the surface mount
machines but...
The purpose of this study was to investigate solution strategies that Thai second graders used to solve addition and subtraction word problems. Fifty-eight children participated in this study, 40 children took a written test, and 18 children participated in an interview. In addition, two classrooms were selected for observation, and...
A versatile computational technique for improved time domain modeling of electromagnetic radiative systems is demonstrated. Two computational methods are combined: the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method, a full-wave electromagnetic field solver, and the Kirchhoff surface integral formulation, a spatial transformation technique. The combined FDTD/Kirchhoff technique is shown to increase accuracy...
Both development and post-structuralist anthropologists have
critiqued development. Development anthropologists are concerned
that development does not take adequate account of the social and
cultural factors of developing nations, while post structuralists question
the ontology of development and assert that domination over
developing nations is inherent in the concept of development....
Recent superconducting thin films studies have attempted to create pure metal layer films of Niobium and Titanium with the same properties of superconducting NbTi wire used in industry. These studies have all reported depression of the superconducting properties of the pure metal films which has been attributed to the proximity...
Materials which can be changed in shape and size when exposed to a magnetic field are called magnetostrictive materials. The magnetostrictive material was developed for use in the many actuator industries. A single crystal of magnetostrictive material is used to maximize its magnetostrictive response. It can be produced by the...
This descriptive research project is a survey and analysis of nineteen community mediation programs in the State of Oregon. These programs were evaluated to determine their responsiveness to issues of culture and ethnicity. Data was gathered by face-to-face and telephone interviews with community program staff members and administrators. Information was...
The global motivation for this work comes from the desire to fabricate "plastic lumber" with improved mechanical properties (particularly creep resistance) from recycled plastics and wood composites. The present studies have utilized "virgin plastics" of polystyrene (PS), an amorphous, stiff material that exhibits brittle fracture, and high density polyethylene (HDPE),...
The "global marketplace" has been a driving force for change, resulting in a
dramatic increase in competition and expectations of consumers. With more mailing
options available, consumers are scrutinizing service and cost performance at a level
never-before experienced by the United States Postal Service. For an organization that
has operated...
A stand level model, PREscription generator under Multiple Objectives (PREMO) was built to generate prescriptions that address multiple objectives for management of the forests of the Applegate River Watershed. PREMO is a part of the landscape model of the Applegate River Watershed Forest Simulation Project and generates prescription choices for...
Basalts from the four southernmost segments of the subducting Chile Ridge (numbered 1-4 stepping away from the trench) display large variations in Sr, Nd, Pb, and He isotope and trace element compositions. Klein and Karsten [1995] showed that segments 1 and 3 display clear trace element evidence for recycled material...
Leaf surface area present on black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and Douglas hawthorn (Crataegus douglasi) was measured indirectly using a point frame, photographs, and a canopy analyzer. Each was compared to directly measured leaf surface area. Six black cottonwood and 3 Douglas hawthorn shrubs were selected in 1996 and 9 black...
Recent experience demonstrates that waterfront structures are vulnerable to
earthquake damage. The poor seismic performance of these facilities has been
primarily due to liquefaction of backfill and/or foundation soils and the lack of
seismic design standards for waterfront structures. The seismic performance of
waterfront structures is a key issue in...
Counter Current Flow Limitation (CCFL) was observed in the pressurizer surge line of the Oregon State University APEX facility during test NRC-10. This test simulated a one-inch diameter cold leg break with a failure of three of four of the fourth-stage Automatic Depressurization System (ADS) valves. The result was a...