A serious impediment blocks advancement of individual transferable quota (ITQ) policy in the United States, particularly in North Pacific fisheries being considered for ITQ management. The traditional ITQ design, that allocates rights to only the harvesting sector, unintentionally expropriates wealth/property interests from the co-dependent-processing sector. This regulatory expropriation is a...
The use of artificial reefs in the creation of commercial and recreational fisheries has received growing attention in recent years, and artificial reef development programs are now being undertaken by a number of countries worldwide. Despite a substantial volume of scientific information on the technical and biological aspects of artificial...
This study examines the status of women and their contributions to the fishing industry in West Africa with a particular emphasis on Nigeria. The existence of varied fish resources in the region can play a significant role in the nutritional and economic well being of the people as it relates...
Before 1991, the Department of Fisheries was the sole formal fisheries management authority in Sierra Leone. This authority's management of the fisheries resulted, however, in less than 10% of the estimated annual resource rent accruing to government and in increasing the importance of resource over-exploitation. To improve stock conservation and...
There is great concern at present that fish stocks are being depleted by over-fishing. Part of the problem of over-fishing is caused by the common property nature of the fishery resources. In particular, high seas fishery resources, such as highly migratory fish stocks (HMFS) and straddling fish stocks, suffer from...
Les importations de poisson jouent un rôle prépondérant ans l'approvisionnement de la population camerounaise en matière de produits de pêche. Avec près de 12 millions d'habitants pour une croissance de 3,2 %. la demande globale de poisson plafonne autour de 200 000 t par an alors que la production locale...
The purpose of the Australian National Fisheries Adjustment Scheme (ANFAS) project is to develop a policy framework under which structural adjustment can occur in a coherent and coordinated manner, and to develop operational guidelines on how to develop structural adjustment schemes. The ANFAS will not establish a mandatory scheme, nor...
The United Kingdom is the world's second largest producer of farmed Atlantic salmon. It also represents one of the larger markets for the product. During the 1980s, there was rapid growth in the industry stimulated by high market prices and major technological advances. While there was a substantial increase in...
In developed country markets, the consideration of consumer wants has not been prominent hitherto in aquaculture production decisions. Like capture fisheries aquaculture has been product driven. This supply-side focus reflects an emphasis upon technical solutions to the production and capacity problems of high unit value (HUV) species culture. Whilst this...
The Traditional Management of Artisanal Fisheries in North East Nigeria project (TMAF) has been funded by British Overseas Development Administration (ODA) to investigate the possibilities for designing a more effective management system for fisheries of the Sub-Saharan Savanna region using a community-based approach. The need for a new approach is...
This paper relates fish market and product development to consumer habits, perceptions, income, and other socio-economic factors through descriptive statistics and logic model analysis. The study collects and analyzes information needed for guiding public and private decisions in domestic fish market development. A 1994 survey interviewed a sample of 130...
Japan is the number 1 country in the world in terms of tuna harvest[1]. For example, it started from about 294,961 tons in 1975, then reached its peak at 371,103 tons in 1985. Although the harvest declined since 1985, it bounced back for the recent years and reached 343,611 tons...
As a Member State of the European Community (EC), the United Kingdom's marine capture fisheries must be managed within the framework of the Community's common fisheries policy (see Box 1). Since 1983 this has included a system of annual total allowable catches (TACs) for most commercially important stocks within the...
El Archipielago de Colon, more commonly known as the Galapagos Islands, is a province of Ecuador located about 600 miles off the coast of South America. It consists of approximately 45 volcanic islands (15 major and 30 minor) plus scores of smaller islets and rocks. The total land area is...
In this paper, we study the short run price dynamics of imported fresh, farmed Atlantic and Pacific salmon on US regional markets. An Error Correction framework is used to specify a short run model. The results show a substitute relationship among the different salmon species in that an adjustment process...
The paper analyses the annual accounts for the period 1990-94 of a sample of approximately 100 fishing firms operating out of ports in Schleywig-Holstein and exploiting finfish stocks in the North Sea and Baltic, and shrimp stocks in the North Sea. Detailed information is provided on costs and returns by...
En quelques années, l'Indonésie est devenue un des premiers pays producteurs de crevettes. L'extension et l'intensification rapide des élevages a des répercussions socio-économiques et écologiques majeures. Après un pic de 130.000 tonnes en 1992, la production est tombée à 100 000 tonnes en 1993. Depuis, le développement de nouveaux sites...
In considering fisheries regulation in the next decade, I make a concluding point that may become a major theme. This is that individual permanent catch quotas of a regulator-determined TAC are only a stage in the development of management from licensing to private rights (Scott 1989). The condition of open...
Catering establishments in Finland are very heterogeneous (restaurants, hotels, personnel canteens, hospitals, schools etc.). These kitchens annually prepare over 600 million meals with the total number of kitchens at over 20,000. The objective of this study was to estimate quantity and frequency of fish consumption within the Finnish catering market....
Japan is both the largest producer and consumer of tuna in the world. However, Taiwan has been a major exporter to Japan of Thunnus albacares and Thunnus obesus recently. For example, the market shares of Taiwan's supply are 20% for T. albacares, and 44% for T. obesus in 1992. Hence,...
The aim of this paper is to specify the arising preferences within a theory of demand for seafood products through a socio-economic quantitative analysis. The relevance of standard economic variables is discussed by introducing additional socio-demographical variables in a multivariate statistical analysis. The position of seafood among other food products...
The main research question in this paper is: What impacts do the perceived structural changes in (1) consumer demand for fresh quality and (2) mobility (trade) barriers in distribution have on the market and trade patterns for fresh packed consumer fish products? A representative sample of UK and French seafood...
An ITQ scheme has been shown to create a quota induced incentive for discarding of fish in excess of what is socially optimal. This finding is corroborated by empirical evidence in several ITQ managed fisheries. The incentive for discarding, over and above those expected in an unmanaged or input controlled...
The last three years RIVO-DLO and LEI-DLO have developed a bio-economic simulation model for the Dutch beam trawl fishery. At the VII th IIFET conference in Taipei (1994, Taiwan) some preliminary results were presented and at the 4th EAFE bio-economic modeling workshop in Edinburgh (1995, United Kingdom) the final model...
Sustainable aquaculture can be achieved when risk and uncertainly are incorporated in the analysis of the activity. This paper presents a precautionary approach to the feasibility analysis of a project for a commercial hatchery, applying decision theory. Two production scenarios were assessed, continuous and periodic, the later a combination of...
La lagune de Nador se caractérise par un écosystème semi-fermé, en communication avec la mer par une étroite passe. Cet écosystème est sous l'influence de plusieurs facteurs externes tels que l'ensoleillement, l'apport en eau douce, les eaux de ruissellement, le lessivage des champs agricoles et les eaux usées urbaines. L'influence...
The arrival in the 1980s of cultured shrimp has induced large changes on the World shrimp market. In this new environment, the French Guyana fishery production now competes strongly with some of these farm-produced shrimp. Consequently, this fishery has experienced serious export problems during the last decade. This paper is...
Structural time series methods are applied to modeling endogenous fishing effort in the German North Sea shrimp fishery. The effects on fishing effort of shrimp price, catch per unit effort and environmental variation are examined. Preliminary results suggest that fishing firms do not respond much to price changes but they...
This paper describes a desk study of small pelagic utilization in Asia. Drawing on regional data and country case studies - it seeks to chart significant trends in the sector and identify issues for further research. Possible responses to under-utilization include increasing fishing intensity, exploitation of under/unexploited stocks reduction in...
The global aquaculture industry has seen dramatic growth over the last two decades, and is forecast to become increasingly important into the next century. The aquaculture output, of the African continent, however, remains low at about 4% of the total. There is a perception of failure where donor assisted projects...
All the Arab countries are producers of fish from marine, inland and aquaculture sources. Total fish production in 1994, as reported by FAO, reached 1.67 million tons. The estimated resource potential is in the range of 3-4 million tons. Trade in fish and fishery products in most countries is considerable...
Although widely accepted, management systems that directly restrict catch or effort are neither efficient nor desirable for many fisheries, and have failed to conserve fishery stocks in many cases. Fisheries scientists have suggested that closing part of the fishery with marine reserves may sustain or increase harvest. These marine reserves...
The state of the world at the beginning of 21 century is terribly bad from all points of views such as environment, food supply, resources, economy and security essential for human survival. Our civilization based on technological development and mass consumption has been using up all resources on land and...
Traditional fisheries management schemes provide fishermen with incentives to maximise their individual share of the catch, while individual vessel quota management schemes change incentives to maximise profits from their individual share of the catch. The way that one models the fishermen’s optimisation problem in empirical studies should reflect the changed...
This paper presents a critical analysis of the provisions of the WTO agreements and jurisprudence as they relate to the use of trade-related measures in support of cooperative fisheries management arrangements. The interpretation given to WTO agreements by successive Panels and Appellate Bodies has provided guidance regarding how such measures...
Fisheries management has been carried out on the assumption that a fish population is in equilibrium with the fishing effort under the average environmental conditions and hence there must be a maximum sustainable yield (MSY). However, since the simultaneous rise and fall of the interdecadal and global scale of sardine...
The rapid growth of aquaculture and concomitant growth in the use of compound aquafeeds have resulted in aquaculture using 35% of global fishmeal and 54% of global fish oil in 2000, up from just 10% and 16% respectively in 1988. Meanwhile, landings of reduction fish have hovered near 30 mmt,...
Multiobjective decision analysis (MDA) is a useful assessment method when fishery managers need a systematic investigation of the trade-offs involved in the selection of alternative policy options. An important class of techniques within MDA is vector optimization, consisting of mathematical programming models with vector valued objective functions. From the management...
The inclusion of ecosystem considerations in fisheries management implies two changes with extensive institutional repercussions: the uncertainties about states and outcomes rise dramatically and a multiplicity of new stakeholders, interests and objectives must be accommodated in the management institutions. The first change may potentially add immense costs to the management...
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the World Fish Center (ICLARM), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), are collaborating to incorporate fish into IMPACT, a global model of food supply and demand that estimates market-clearing prices for 28 commodities in 36 regions. Results of the projections to 2020...
The Enhanced Data Collection Project (EDCP), administered by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, collected data on discard rates for groundfish species and bycatch rates of prohibited species. From late 1995 to early 1999 EDCP observers collected discard data from 235 fishing trips by 25 trawl vessels that voluntarily...
In September 2000, the Convention for the Conservation and Management of the Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Central and Western Pacific (WCPFC) was concluded by the seventh session of the Multilateral High Level Conference (MHLC). The WCPFC, amongst other things, establishes a tuna Commission, which will have powers to...
There is increasing awareness of and concern about the actual and potential adverse effects of fishing on the aquatic environment. New Zealand, like many other countries, has developed a range of initiatives to address specific issues related to the effects of fishing, including establishing marine reserves, fishing method restrictions, observer...
Custom, and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 (UNCLOS), provide the right of all states to exploit stocks of tuna on the high seas, where roughly half of world tuna catches are taken. The UNCLOS also provides that states have the obligation to cooperate...
Tuna fisheries provides an important source of income, foreign exchange and employment for many Pacific Island States. It is also seen as a major avenue for industrial development by most Pacific Island States. The Law of the Sea Convention, while recognising the rights of coastal States to manage and develop...
Resource Management and resource sharing issues are intimately connected. Through discussion of a constructed scenario workshop participants were encouraged to share different perspectives on the management challenges of the interaction between resource management, resource access and sectoral resource sharing issues. A key issue expressed by participants was the need to...
It is now widely acknowledged that an explicit and well-defined fishery property rights regime can enable the sustainable utilisation, and the long term protection of the marine environment. Within the commercial sector, formal and legally binding trade, exchange, and/or access sharing mechanisms have existed for many years. Trade and exchange...