This paper reports on an empirical study involving end users that addresses the question of whether it is possible to provide the benefits of formal testing within the informal spreadsheet paradigm. We have developed a "What You See Is What You Test" (WYSIWYT) methodology that brings the benefits of formal...
The outcome of the current multilateral trade negotiations in the Doha Round will have large implications on international fish trade. The author highlights the most likely scenarios in areas such as market access and fisheries subsidies, and outlines the very diverse interests and negotiation positions of WTO members.
End users create software when they use spreadsheet systems, web authoring tools and graphical languages, and when they create educational simulations, macros-by-demonstration, and dynamic e-business web applications and mash-ups. Some end-user developers, such as accountants or teachers, may have no formal training at all in programming. Others, such as scientists...
Seafood inspection and certification has become a trend on international trade. Recent incidences of chemical residues were examined in exporting seafood products which hinder the future export to the European Union and Japan particularly. Hence, the perceptions of seafood quality and safety from a consumer point of view and international...
One of the famous traditional food products from Semarang city is softboned-milkfish (called as bandeng presto). In national level, Bandeng Presto is the trade mark of Semarang City. Bandeng presto are produced by several outlet in Semarang from small to large in scales. The products are vary, in term of...
Fisheries models are generally built to assess the dynamics of a resource with a given fishing mortality
which level can be decided by some “decision maker” and/or which can be an observed process, e.g. times series proportional to some observed values of fishing effort. In these cases, the resource dynamics...
Resource rentals can be viewed as taxes on scarcity rents or as fees for access to use or utilize the
resource. The Icelandic Fishery Management Act requires that vessel owners pay a Catch fee
(Veiðigjald). This paper discusses how the Catch fee is defined by the Fishery Management Act.
Secondly...
European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is one of the most important commercial species in France (eel larvae (glass eel) exports to Asia valuing more than 60 million euros in 2005) but also an endangered species with regard to the dropping recruitment. This species is particularly sensitive to oceanographic and climatic factors...
To the surprise of government as well as NGOs, village-level caste organizations - or panchayats - played a significant role in the post-tsunami relief effort to fishermen in Tamil Nadu, India. This paper discusses the pro-active role of caste panchayats in relief from the perspective of social resilience, that is...
This paper analyses what are the potential outlets on European markets for new farmed fish. In the first part, the main striking features about the structure and evolution of the European fish trade over the last decade are presented. The analysis of fish imports and exports provides comprehensive data to...
The activity of commercial whaling is contentious, drawing the ire of animal rights and conservation groups who threaten boycotts of whaling nations' products. Whaling also has opportunity costs: in addition to existence value, whales provide nonextractive use values, i.e. whale watching. On the other hand, proponents of whaling argue many...
An intensive case study was undertaken at the farm fisheries from during wet months under NAZ of Indian subtropics for characterization and integrated utilization of Tal wetland ecosystem through pisciculture [Live (magur - Clarias batrachus & singi - Heteropneustes fossilis) and sweet water fishes (rohu - Labeo rohita & Katla...
Recent research has warned that liberalising trade in capture fishery products originating from inefficient managed fisheries might cause over-exploitation, reduced fish stocks and thereby reduced steady state welfare. This paper qualifies the warning in a case study of the East Baltic cod market by introducing a quantitative supply model of...
With the rapid development of Internet technology and popularity of Web solutions, the Internet has become a major means for collecting information. The Weatherlnfo system is conceived and developed to provide weather data for end users in tabular and graphic formats over the Internet. In order to make data retrieval...
Inland fisheries in the Tonlesap Lake of Cambodia play an essential role in providing with protein and cash income to the poor around the lake. However, the fisheries face a crisis of fish resource depletion due to excessive catch, water pollution and decline in the water level of the Lake....
Despite potential advantages of rights-based management over competitive fisheries, there has been significant political resistance to rights-based management from many fishermen, which has slowed the
adoption of rights-based management. This paper explores the concept of voluntary transitions to rights-based
management, under which fishermen may choose between an allocated fishery (with...
We introduce a visual specification language for spreadsheets that allows the definition of spreadsheet templates. These templates are used by a spreadsheet generator to create Excel spreadsheets that are probably free from a large class of errors, such as reference, omission, and type errors. We demonstrate how spreadsheets can be...
The estimation of standing crop is important in the management of rangeland resources. Direct measurements by clipping, drying, and weighing of herbaceous vegetation are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, non-destructive methods for efficiently and accurately estimating standing crop are needed in rangeland forage management. We assessed a visual obstruction (VO) technique...
Quota management systems (QMS) provide faith-based incentives for individual quota holders to conserve the resource voluntarily; quota holders expect the system to work and to be enforced and their expectations are usually realized despite imperfect incentives and significant enforcement burdens. Even with QMS there is never an individual incentive to...
Fishery villages (Van Chai) has been formed for about 300 years since pioneered fishers settled in Phan Thiet for their livelihoods. This was a original social professional organization found before official administrative system established.
Binh Thuan has more than 30 Van Chai in coastal areas, in which about 20 importantly...
This paper explores some theoretical and practical issues in developing policy for the management of shared fisheries for maximum value. Maximisation of value from the use of resources is a key component of sustainability, and transferable rights in commercial fisheries management have contributed significantly toward this goal. Maximising value becomes...
Maximizing profit and value added are central objectives when fishing rights are distributed. Financial profitability on a company level traditionally measures the return on total assets. Value added on the national level is the net (or gross) national product, and is the total profit of investments and wages and salaries...
The Mabo [no. 2] 1992 High Court decision and subsequent judicial decisions indicate a quantum shift in the
recognising the rights of Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders to their sea estates ‘as far as the eye can see’. These
ongoing changes create a circumstance in which the transfer and...
La pêche côtière au Maroc a connu un essor remarquable ces dernières décennies, poussant là où les ports se créent et se développent sur la côte atlantique. D'abord concentrée a proximité du port de SAF où les débarquements ne dépassaient pas 60.000 tonnes dans les années quarante, l'activité de la...
This paper describes a desk study of small pelagic utilization in Asia. Drawing on regional data and country case studies - it seeks to chart significant trends in the sector and identify issues for further research. Possible responses to under-utilization include increasing fishing intensity, exploitation of under/unexploited stocks reduction in...
La lagune de Nador se caractérise par un écosystème semi-fermé, en communication avec la mer par une étroite passe. Cet écosystème est sous l'influence de plusieurs facteurs externes tels que l'ensoleillement, l'apport en eau douce, les eaux de ruissellement, le lessivage des champs agricoles et les eaux usées urbaines. L'influence...
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities are a threat for both the marine environment and society. By undermining effective management systems, IUU fishing activities not only generate harmful effects on economic and social welfare, but also reduce the incentives to comply with rules. The issue of IUU fishing has...
In the institutional framework of fishery management in Japan, which can be seen as a Co-Management system, fishermen's agreements are prerequisites for implementation of resource management measures. However, because of uncertainties in the effect of management measures, fishermen's agreements are difficult to obtain. This study applied a decision-making method under...
The development of several sub-fields of general economics, including those of bounded rationality, institutional economics and the evolutionary economics, has expanded the scope and intensity of the dialogue both within economics, as well as between economists and other scientists. One of the more important preoccupations of early evolutionary economics was...
Britain has traditionally tried to protect its livestock, fish and shellfish production industries from many serious diseases by restricting imports of live animals- fish and shellfish to those from countries free of specified important diseases affecting particular classes of stock. Although the primary aim of the European Union has been...
The objective of this study was to quantify understory vegetation response to overstory manipulation of Blue Mountain eco-region forest. Forty nine ecological land units, including differing successional stages (sapling, pole, small saw, and saw log) and canopy cover (light and medium) in dry Grand Fir (Abies grandis), wet Grand Fir,...
Le projet «système d’information géographique pour les pêcheries en Afrique de l’Ouest » a pour objectif de promouvoir l’utilisation des systèmes d’information géographique comme outil d’aide à la décision en matière d’aménagement des pêcheries. Un rappel préliminaire des critères caractérisant un produit d’aide à la décision (accessibilité technique, disponibilité en...
La pêcherie martiniquaise se trouve aujourd'hui dans une situation paradoxale : d'un côte elle se veut résolument moderne de par 1) les embarcations et des outils de production de plus en plus sophistiqués (coques rapides sur-motorisées, GPS, etc.) que les pêcheurs acquièrent a grands frais; de l'autre, elle reste séculaire...
A method for nesting, estimating and testing for the rank and functional form of the income terms in an incomplete system of
aggregable and integrable demand equations is derived. Information theory is applied to the problem of inferring the U.S.
income distribution using annual time series data on quintile and...
NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) was a key participant in the FAO technical and policy-level consultations of 1991-1999 that led to the FAO International Plan of Action for the Management of Fishing Capacity. The U.S. Plan of Action includes a commitment to prepare regular assessments of overcapacity in federally-managed...
A debate about the level of organic contaminants in farmed salmon relative to wild salmon was started with an article published the journal Science in January 2004. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other contaminants were found to be significantly higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon. Moreover, European-raised...
A common heuristic for solving Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems POMDPs is to first solve the underlying Markov Decision Process MDP and then construct a POMDP policy by performing a fixed depth lookahead search in the POMDP and evaluating the leaf nodes using the MDP value function. A problem with...
As the British Columbia salmon fishery developed, the Canadian government, with constitutional responsibility for the resource, faced a number of critical turning points in management policy. In early years, partly for expediency, the allocation of fishing privileges often resulted in efficient levels of effort but little attempt was made to...
This study analyzes the main factors that affected seasonal variation of fresh tuna price through a statistical approach. The study concludes that seasonal variation in the volume of landings by Hawaii-based vessels is the predominant factor affecting seasonal variation in price for most of the tuna, but that price variation...
The Western Central Pacific Fishery Commission (WCPFC) was inaugurated in 2004 after a preparatory process which commenced in 1996. Scientific advice is that skipjack stocks are in good condition, but bigeye and yellowfin stocks are being exploited too heavily and reductions of effort are needed to avoid overfishing. Compared to...
The majority of monitored fish stocks globally is fully or over exploited, that is, at or below their maximum sustainable yield stock levels. Despite this resource situation international trade in fish products have been increasing for a long time. An export tax on fish and fish products, as an alternative...
The paper outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to mismatched management structures and uses institutional analysis to examine possible solutions to conflicts in fisheries resource governance arrangements in post-war Sierra Leone. The country was plunged in a bitter civil war (1991-2001) that culminated into a collapsed state. Over-centralisation of the state...
Les échanges économiques entre le Reste du monde et le Gabon se déroulent dans un contexte de changements rapides et permanents (mutations des structures économiques, du rôle des acteurs, des croyances..,). Le choix entre les modes de coordination des activités sociales (Types de marchés- modes d'organisation, processus de décisions )...
The Traditional Management of Artisanal Fisheries in North East Nigeria project (TMAF) has been funded by British Overseas Development Administration (ODA) to investigate the possibilities for designing a more effective management system for fisheries of the Sub-Saharan Savanna region using a community-based approach. The need for a new approach is...
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the effects of removing trade restrictions on natural resource utilization and on poverty, especially in developing countries. Our paper adds to the growing body of conceptual work to show conditions under which a developing country that, in isolation, is unable to...